Etymologically
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iunctus

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iunctus1 joined, connected

Forms

iūnctus (feminine iūncta, neuter iūnctum, comparative iūnctior, superlative iūnctissimus); first/second-declension adjective[1]

Etymology

The adjective is from Latin iungō (“to join, yoke”), its perfect passive participle.[1][2] De Vaan traces iungō to Proto-Italic *jung-e/o- and a nasal present Proto-Indo-European *(H)iunégti (“to yoke”).[3]

Earliest recorded meaning

Cicero has it first as an adjective, in the De inventione, of a case in law that is compound rather than simple.[1][4]

Semantic evolution

Cicero also uses it of a cause closely linked with its effect and of combined ends.[1][2] Livy and Ovid use it of places next to each other;[1][4] Ovid and later writers also use it of people closely connected by friendship or kinship, often in the superlative.[1][4] Pliny the Younger uses it of horses driven as a pair.[1][4] Gellius reports Nigidius calling avārus not a simple but a compound word.[1]

Timeline

  • 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a compound case and of closely linked things.[1][5]
  • 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of mountains touching the sky.[1][5]
  • 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid uses the superlative of a close companion.[1][5]
  • c. 165 AD – Gellius uses it of a compound word.[1][5]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. Adjoining, contiguous.[1][4]
  2. (of people) Closely connected by friendship or kinship.[1][2]
  3. (of things) Closely associated or related.[1][4]
  4. (of horses) Driven as a pair.[1][4]
  5. Made of several parts, complex;[1][4] (of words) compound.[1][4]

iunctus2 joining

Forms

iūnctus m (genitive iūnctūs); fourth declension[1]

Etymology

The noun is from Latin iungō (“to join”) + -tus, an action noun.[1][6]

Earliest recorded meaning

Varro has it in his work on the Latin language, deriving names from the joining of things: he says iugum and iūmentum come ab iūnctū.[6][2]

Semantic evolution

Lewis and Short call it ante-classical.[7] Apart from Varro, the TLL cites it from Martianus Capella and a book of synonyms attributed to Cicero.[6]

Timeline

  • 116–27 BC – Varro uses it for the joining of things.[6][5]

Meanings

Noun

  1. The action of joining, a union.[1][2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  2. ^ a b c d e Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn
  3. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i Conte, Gian Biagio; Pianezzola, Emilio; Ranucci, Giuliano (2010), il Latino: Vocabolario della lingua latina, 3rd ed., Florence: Le Monnier
  5. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  6. ^ a b c d Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  7. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press