iubatus

Pronunciation

• Classical: [jʊˈbaː.tʊs]^[1]
• Ecclesiastical: [juˈbaː.tus]^[1]

Forms

iubātus (feminine iubāta, neuter iubātum); first/second-declension adjective^[1] The spelling jubātus is also used.^[1][2]

Etymology

It is from Latin iuba (“mane, crest”) + -ātus.^[3][1][4] The noun iuba goes back to Proto-Italic *juþā- and perhaps to Proto-Indo-European *(H)iudh-h₂- (“that moves, moveables”).^[5] Walde and Hofmann derived it from the root of iubeō (“to order”) as “moving to and fro”;^[5] Ernout and Meillet rejected this, but de Vaan accepts it for the time being, since no better etymology exists.^[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

Its first author is Naevius (c. 235–200 BC),^[6][5] in a line of a tragedy that, as emended (the manuscripts read iug-), has the Maenads carrying crested snakes high.^[4]

Semantic evolution

Plautus has two crested snakes gliding down into the impluvium,^[2][4] and Livy uses it of crested snakes too.^[2] The Rhetorica ad Herennium applies it to a dragon,^[4][7] and Pliny the Elder to lions, to bison and to a maned neck.^[2][4] Varro uses it figuratively of a star.^[2][7] In Statius it describes shoulders covered with flowing hair.^[7]

Timeline

• c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it of crested snakes carried by Maenads.^[4][6]
• c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of two crested snakes.^[2][4][6]
• 116–27 BC – Varro applies it figuratively to a star.^[2][7][6]
• 59 BC–17 AD – Livy uses it of a crested snake.^[2][6]
• 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of maned lions.^[2][4][6]

Meanings

Adjective

1. Having a mane or crest, crested.^[3][2]
2. Of shoulders, covered with flowing hair.^[7]

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
3. ^ a b Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
4. ^ a b c d e f g h Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
5. ^ a b c d de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
6. ^ a b c d e f Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
7. ^ a b c d e Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn