Etymologically
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insigne

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Pronunciation

  • IPA (Classical): [ĩːˈsɪŋ.nɛ][1]
  • IPA (Ecclesiastical): [inˈsiɲ.ɲe][1]

Forms

īnsigne n (genitive īnsignis); third declension[1]

Etymology

It is the neuter of īnsignis “marked, distinguished”, from in- and signum “mark”, used as a noun.[2][1][3]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest citations are from Cicero, of a badge of rank and of a token.[2] Köbler dates Cicero 81–43 BC.[4]

Semantic evolution

It meant something worn or carried as a mark of rank or identity, a badge of office, as in Cicero, and in Caesar on things such as ships.[2][5] In Caesar it meant a decoration, and in Cicero a mark of honour, distinction.[2] In Pliny the Elder it meant a distinguishing mark, and in Cicero a token, symbol, as īnsigne vērī the mark of truth, and outward trappings.[2][6]

In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant a badge, distinctive sign, insignia, uniform.[7] Medieval Latin used it for a banner, a blazon and a royal charter.[8] It survives in Italian insegna and French enseigne, which gave English ensign in the early 15th century; its plural gave English insignia in the 1640s.[1][3]

Timeline

  • 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of a badge and a token.[2][4]
  • c. 50 BC – Caesar uses it of decorations.[2][4]
  • 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of a distinguishing mark.[2][4]
  • early 15th century – English ensign is recorded.[3]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A badge of rank or office.[2]
  2. A decoration; a distinction.[2]
  3. A distinguishing mark.[2]
  4. A token, emblem; trappings.[2]
  5. (Medieval Latin) A banner; a blazon.[8]

Word family

  • īnsigniārius

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
  4. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  5. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  6. ^ Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
  7. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
  8. ^ a b Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill