Etymologically
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insidior

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [ĩːˈsɪ.di.ɔr][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [inˈsiː.di.or][1]

Forms

īnsidior (present infinitive īnsidiārī, perfect active īnsidiātus sum); first conjugation, deponent[1] An active form īnsidiō is found in the Digest.[2][3]

Etymology

It is a denominative verb from Latin īnsidiae (“ambush, plot”),[2] itself from īnsideō (“to sit in, occupy”).[1] The verb sedeō (“to sit”) goes back to Proto-Indo-European *sed- (“to sit”).[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

Its first examples in the OLD are Plautus' men who lie in wait with goads and whips, and Ennius' soldiers who keep watch in ambush.[2]

Semantic evolution

It means to lie in wait to attack or rob, and as a military term to lie in ambush.[2] From that it is to make a treacherous attack or plot against someone, as in Cicero's “how long, Catiline, you have plotted against me”, and to lay traps in conversation, as in Livy.[2][3] Cicero also uses it of watching for an opportunity.[2] Church Latin glosses it “lie in wait for, watch for, ambush, plot”.[5]

Timeline

  • c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of men lying in wait.[2][6]
  • 204–169 BC – Ennius of soldiers in ambush.[2][6]
  • 81–43 BC – Cicero of plotting against a person.[3][6]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To lie in wait, ambush.[2][3][1]
  2. To plot against, make a treacherous attack on; to lay traps.[2][3][1]
  3. To watch for an opportunity.[2]

Word family

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c d e Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  4. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  5. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
  6. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de