inseco
inseco1 cut into
Pronunciation
Forms
īnsecō (present infinitive īnsecāre, perfect active īnsecuī, supine īnsectum); first conjugation[1]
Etymology
The verb “cut into” is from Latin in- + secō (“to cut”).[2][3][1][4]
Earliest recorded meaning
De Vaan and the TLL date it from Cato, who in his book on farming tells how to graft two vine shoots cut obliquely.[4][3][2]
Semantic evolution
It means to make a cut in something, a shoot, a skin or a honeycomb,[2][3] and to make something by cutting, as notches in Vitruvius or the teeth of a comb in Ovid.[2][5] Pliny the Elder uses it of kings who cut open corpses to study diseases, that is, of dissection.[2][5] The Rhetorica ad Herennium uses it figuratively of planting things in the minds of listeners.[6]
Its participle gave the neuter plural īnsecta, Pliny's word for insects, the “notched” animals.[6]
Timeline
- 234–149 BC – Cato uses it of vine shoots cut for grafting.[3][2][7]
- 86/82 BC – The Rhetorica ad Herennium uses it figuratively.[6][7]
- 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of dissecting corpses, and has īnsecta for insects.[2][6][7]
Meanings
Verb
Word family
- īnsicium
- īnsectum
inseco2 tell
Pronunciation
Forms
īnsecō (present infinitive īnsecere, perfect active īnsexī); third conjugation, no supine stem[1] It is found mainly in the imperative īnsece or īnseque;[4][2][6] Paulus' epitome of Festus has a perfect īnsexit from Ennius.[4][2][6]
Etymology
The verb “tell” is inherited from Proto-Italic *en-sekʷ-e/o-, from the root Proto-Indo-European *sekʷ- (“to follow”) of sequor;[4] the sense will have shifted from “follow” through “repeat, relate” to “tell”.[4] De Vaan notes that ⟨īnsece⟩ and ⟨īnseque⟩ occur in texts modelled on Greek epic and may be calques of Ancient Greek ἐννέπω (ennépō, “to tell”) made with ⟨*in-sequō⟩, but they can also be inherited, with the delabialized velar generalised.[4] The same root, with the aorist stem, gives inquam “I say”.[4][2]
Besides the Greek verb, it is cognate with Old Irish insce (“discourse”) and dialectal Lithuanian sèkti (“to tell”).[4]
Earliest recorded meaning
Livius Andronicus opens his Latin Odyssey with virum mihi, Camena, insece versutum, “Tell me, Muse, of the man of many turns”, a line that Gellius quotes.[5][6]
Semantic evolution
It is an archaic and poetic verb, “to tell, tell of”.[2][6] Ennius has īnsece, Mūsa in the Annals, and Gellius discusses the word and a gerundive īnsecenda in Cato.[5][6] De Vaan records the noun īnsectiō “story” in Gellius.[4]
Timeline
- 3rd century BC – Livius Andronicus uses īnsece at the start of his Odyssey.[5][6][7]
- 204–169 BC – Ennius uses īnsece and īnsexit.[4][6][7]
- c. 165 AD – Gellius discusses the word.[6][7]
Meanings
Verb
Word family
- īnsectiō
Related words
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
- ^ a b c d e Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
- ^ a b c d e f g Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn
- ^ a b c d e f Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de