iniurius
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Pronunciation
Forms
iniūrius (feminine iniūria, neuter iniūrium); first/second-declension adjective[1]
Etymology
The OLD derives it from iniūria “injustice” with the suffix -ius, and Wiktionary and Georges take it as in- “not” and iūs “right, law”.[2][1][3]
Earliest recorded meaning
Köbler's first source is Naevius, whom he dates c. 235–200 BC.[4] The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus.[2]
Semantic evolution
It meant harsh, unjust, unfair, of people and of actions, as in Plautus and Terence, iniūrium est meant “it is unjust”, and Cicero uses it in De officiis.[2][3][5]
British Medieval Latin used it for wrongful, unfair, damaging.[6] Its noun iniūria “wrong, injustice” gave English injury in the late 14th century through Anglo-French injurie.[7]
Timeline
- c. 235–200 BC – Naevius uses it.[4]
- c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of people and actions.[2][4]
- 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it.[5][4]
Meanings
Adjective
- Unjust, unfair, harsh.[2]
Word family
- iniūria
- periniūrius
Related words
References
- ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
- ^ a b Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn
- ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
- ^ a b Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
- ^ Latham, R. E., D. R. Howlett, R. K. Ashdowne, et al. (1975–2013), Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources, London: British Academy / Oxford University Press
- ^ Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com