Etymologically
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ingemino

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [ɪŋˈɡɛ.mɪ.noː][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [in̠ʲˈd͡ʒɛː.mi.no][1]

Forms

ingeminō (present infinitive ingemināre, perfect active ingemināvī, supine ingeminātum); first conjugation[1]

Etymology

It is from Latin in- + geminō (“to double”).[2][1][3] That verb comes from geminus (“twin”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *jemno- (“paired”) and Proto-Indo-European *iemH-no- (“paired, connected”).[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

The TLL finds it from Virgil, the Aetna, Ovid and Manilius on, and in prose from Tertullian.[3] Virgil uses it of men raining blows on each other's hollow sides.[2]

Semantic evolution

It is to do something two or more times, to repeat or redouble, as blows or terror; to utter repeatedly, to re-echo, as Virgil's ravens repeating their clear cries three or four times; and to double in number or degree, as Ovid's doubling of the enemy's strength.[2][5] Intransitively it is to be redoubled, to grow stronger, of natural forces and passions: in Virgil the south winds and the rain redouble.[2] Late glosses explain it as iterat, duplicant.[3]

Timeline

  • 70–19 BC – Virgil of blows, cries and winds.[2][3]
  • 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid of doubling strength.[2]
  • c. 160–220 AD – Tertullian, first in prose.[3][6]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To repeat, redouble; to double.[2][5][1]
  2. To utter again, echo.[2][5]
  3. (intransitive) To be redoubled, increase.[2][1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c d e Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  4. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  5. ^ a b c Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  6. ^ Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de