Etymologically
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furialis

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [fʊ.riˈaː.lɪs][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [fu.riˈaː.lis][1]

Forms

furiālis (neuter furiāle, adverb furiāliter); third-declension two-termination adjective[1]

Etymology

It is from Latin furia (“rage; a Fury”) + -ālis.[2][1][3] De Vaan derives furia from furō (“to rage”), for which, he says, many etymologies have been proposed and none is clearly the best.[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

Köbler finds it first in Cicero,[5] who speaks in the In Pisonem of criminals terrified by the burning torches of the Furies.[2]

Semantic evolution

Its first sense is belonging to the Furies, avenging, and Ovid extends it to places haunted by them, as the table of Atreus.[2] It then means like a Fury, as Cicero's furious cries at public meetings,[2] and frenzied or mad, as Ovid's mad daring.[2] Cicero also has a maddening robe, and Virgil the Fury-like limbs that Allecto puts off.[2][6] Lewis & Short note that it is mostly poetic.[6]

Timeline

  • 81–43 BC – Cicero, of the Furies' torches and of maddening clothing.[2][5]
  • 70–19 BC – Virgil, of Allecto's limbs.[6][5]
  • 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid, of mad daring.[2][5]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. Of or belonging to the Furies; avenging.[2][1]
  2. Haunted by the Furies; invoking them.[2]
  3. Like a Fury, raging, fearful.[2][6]
  4. Inspired by frenzy, frenzied, mad.[2][1]
  5. Causing madness, maddening, infuriating.[2][1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  4. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  5. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  6. ^ a b c d Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press