Etymologically
Log in

florens

This is the current revision of this entry, as edited by bogdan on 19 October 2026 at 01:30. This address is a permanent link to this version.
Changes in this edit History

Forms

flōrēns (genitive flōrentis, comparative flōrentior, superlative flōrentissimus); third-declension one-termination adjective[1]

Etymology

It is the present participle of flōreō (“to bloom, flourish”), used as an adjective.[1][2][3] ⟨Flōreō⟩ is formed from flōs (“flower”), which de Vaan traces to Proto-Italic *flōs- (“flower”) and Proto-Indo-European *bʰleh₃-ōs (“blossoming”), cognate with Oscan fluusaí (“to Flora”), Old Irish bláth (“flower”) and Old English blōwan (“to bloom”).[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's first example is Plautus' Menaechmi: “by your good deeds you make me prosperous”.[1] Köbler gives Cicero.[3]

Semantic evolution

It is flowering or flowery, as Virgil's question who would strew the ground with flowering herbs.[1] Of persons and cities it is prosperous or flourishing, as in Plautus, and in the flower of youth, as Catullus' young Iacchus.[1] It is also illustrious or distinguished, as Cicero's Lucius Philippus, “most eminent in eloquence, dignity and honour”, and powerful, as Cicero's “most flourishing army”.[1] Of a speaker or style it is colourful and lively, the same as flōridus.[1]

Church Latin glosses it “flowering, in flower”.[5]

Timeline

  • c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of prosperity.[1][3]
  • 81/79–52/50 BC – Catullus of the flower of youth.[1][3]
  • 81–43 BC – Cicero of eminence and of a lively style.[1][3]
  • 70–19 BC – Virgil of flowering herbs.[1][3]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. Flowering, blooming; flowery.[1][5]
  2. Prosperous, flourishing; in the flower of youth.[1]
  3. Illustrious, distinguished; powerful.[1]
  4. (of style) Colourful, lively.[1]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  2. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  3. ^ a b c d e f Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  4. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  5. ^ a b Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson