Etymologically
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festivitas

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Pronunciation

  • IPA (Classical): [feːsˈtiː.wɪ.taːs][1]
  • IPA (Ecclesiastical): [fesˈtiː.vi.tas][1]

Forms

fēstīvitās f (genitive fēstīvitātis); third declension[1]

Etymology

It is from fēstīvus “festive”, from fēstus “of a holiday”, with the suffix -tās.[2][1][3] Isidore derived it from the feast days on which only divine business was done.[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest citation is from Plautus, of conviviality.[2] Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.[5]

Semantic evolution

It meant festivity, gaiety, conviviality, as in Plautus, and in Terence charm, and as an endearment “my delight”.[2] The Rhetorica ad Herennium uses it of liveliness and wit in a speaker.[2] Döderlein explains that lepōs, facētiae and fēstīvitās are kindly wit, opposed only to seriousness.[6]

In Christian Latin it meant a church festival.[7][8] British Medieval Latin used it for festivity, joy, liveliness and charm.[9] It survives in Italian festività and Spanish festividad, and through Old French it gave English festivity in the late 14th century.[1][3]

Timeline

  • c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of conviviality.[2][5]
  • 190–159 BC – Terence uses it of charm.[2][5]
  • 86/82 BC – The Rhetorica ad Herennium uses it of wit.[2][5]
  • late 14th century – English festivity is recorded.[3]

Meanings

Noun

  1. Festivity, gaiety.[2]
  2. Charm, and as an endearment “my delight”.[2]
  3. Liveliness, wit.[2]
  4. (Ecclesiastical Latin) A church festival.[7]

Usage notes

Döderlein distinguishes it from lepōs and facētiae.[6]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
  4. ^ Isidore of Seville, Etymologiarum sive Originum libri XX, ed. W. M. Lindsay (Oxford, 1911).
  5. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  6. ^ a b Döderlein, Ludwig (1874), Döderlein’s Hand-book of Latin Synonymes, tr. H. H. Arnold, Andover: W. F. Draper
  7. ^ a b Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill
  8. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
  9. ^ Latham, R. E., D. R. Howlett, R. K. Ashdowne, et al. (1975–2013), Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources, London: British Academy / Oxford University Press