Etymologically
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factio

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Pronunciation

  • IPA (Classical): [ˈfak.ti.oː][1]
  • IPA (Ecclesiastical): [ˈfak.t͡si.o][1]

Forms

factiō f (genitive factiōnis); third declension[1]

Etymology

It is from faciō “to make, do” with the suffix -tiō.[2][1][3] Paulus' epitome of Festus says ⟨factiō⟩ and ⟨factiōsus⟩ were at first honourable words.[3]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, as quae haec factiō est? “what is all this about?”, and of social connections.[2] Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.[4]

Semantic evolution

It meant a making, doing, and in law testāmentī factiō the right to make a will, as in Cicero.[2][5] In Plautus it meant one's social connections, set, and in Cicero a band or company, a school of thought, and the racing factions of the circus.[2] Above all it meant a political party, in a bad sense a faction, clique, conspiracy, and partisanship.[2] Döderlein explains that partēs is a party formed by differing principles, factiō a clique within it.[6]

In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant faction, party.[7] Medieval Latin used it of factious action, intrigue, plotting.[8] Through Old French façon it gave English fashion about 1300, and English faction came about 1500 from French and directly from Latin.[9]

Timeline

  • c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of conduct and of social sets.[2][4]
  • 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the right to make a will and of political factions.[2][5][4]
  • c. 1300 – English fashion is recorded, through Old French.[9]
  • c. 1500 – English faction is recorded.[9]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A making, doing, testāmentī factiō, the right to make a will.[2]
  2. quae haec factiō est?, what is all this?[2]
  3. Social connections, set.[2]
  4. A band, company; a school; a circus faction.[2]
  5. A political party, faction; partisanship.[2]
  6. (Medieval Latin) Intrigue.[8]

Word family

  • factionarius
  • factiōsus
  • factiōsē

References

  1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  4. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  5. ^ a b Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
  6. ^ Döderlein, Ludwig (1874), Döderlein’s Hand-book of Latin Synonymes, tr. H. H. Arnold, Andover: W. F. Draper
  7. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
  8. ^ a b Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill
  9. ^ a b c Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com