Etymologically
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exsulo

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [ˈɛks.sʊ.ɫoː][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [ˈɛks.su.lo][1]

Forms

exsulō (present infinitive exsulāre, perfect active exsulāvī, supine exsulātum); first conjugation[1] It is also spelled exulō, and archaic exsolō and exolō occur.[2] Inscriptions write exul-, without s.[3][4]

Etymology

It is from Latin exsul (“exile”) + -ō.[1][2] De Vaan finds several origins possible for exsul: a verb ⟨*ex-sulere⟩ “to take out” from the root Proto-Indo-European *selh₁- (“to take”) of cōnsul, a link with ambulō “who walks out”, or the root of Ancient Greek ἐλαύνω (elaúnō, “to drive”).[3] The OLD notes that the ancients connected it with solum “ground”.[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

De Vaan dates it from Plautus,[3] in whose Trinummus some have gone off into exile.[2]

Semantic evolution

It is to be an exile or live in exile: Cicero discusses a man who had the right to live in exile at Rome, and Livy has a man going off to the Volsci into exile.[2] Lewis & Short call it classical and note figurative uses.[2] Wiktionary also gives a transitive sense, to banish.[1] Church Latin glosses it to live in exile, to banish or be banished.[6]

Timeline

  • c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of going into exile.[2][3][7]
  • 81–43 BC – Cicero of the right to live in exile.[2][7]
  • 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of going into exile among the Volsci.[2][7]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To be an exile, live in exile.[2][1][6]
  2. To banish, expel.[1][6]

Word family

  • exsulātus

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  3. ^ a b c d de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  4. ^ Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  5. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  6. ^ a b c Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
  7. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de