Etymologically
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distantia

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Pronunciation

  • IPA (Classical): [dɪsˈtan.ti.a][1]
  • IPA (Ecclesiastical): [disˈtan.t͡si.a][1]

Forms

distantia f (genitive distantiae); first declension[1]

Etymology

It is from distāns, the present participle of distō “to stand apart”, with the suffix -ia.[2][1][3] An inscription has ⟨-ncia⟩.[2]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest citation is from Lucretius, of difference.[2] Köbler's first source is Cicero; he dates Lucretius 96–55 BC.[4]

Semantic evolution

In Lucretius and Cicero it meant difference in quality or degree.[2][5] In Vitruvius it meant distance between two points, and the interval of a musical note, and in Columella and Pliny the Elder remoteness.[2][6]

In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant distance, difference, diversity.[7] Medieval Latin used it for a dispute.[8] It survives in Italian distanza and French distance, and Old French destance “discord” gave English distance about 1300, first “a dispute”.[1][9]

Timeline

  • 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of difference.[2][4]
  • c. 84–c. 25 BC – Vitruvius uses it of distance.[2][4]
  • 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder uses it of remoteness.[6][4]
  • c. 1300 – English distance is recorded.[9]

Meanings

Noun

  1. Distance; a musical interval.[2]
  2. Remoteness.[2]
  3. Difference.[2]
  4. (Medieval Latin) A dispute.[8]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  4. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  5. ^ Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
  6. ^ a b Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  7. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
  8. ^ a b Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill
  9. ^ a b Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com