Etymologically
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diadema

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [di.aˈdeː.ma][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [di.aˈdɛː.ma][1]

Forms

diadēma n or f (genitive diadēmatis or diadēmatos or diadēmae); variously declined, third declension, first declension[1] A first-declension diadēma, -ae (feminine) is found in Pomponius, Apuleius and later writers.[2][3]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek διάδημα (diádēma, “headband”),[2][4][1] from διαδέω (diadéō, “to bind round”) with the result-noun suffix -μα (-ma).[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Lewis & Short's earliest dated examples are in Cicero's Philippics;[5] the comic writer Pomponius has the feminine form.[2]

Semantic evolution

It is an ornamental headband, usually white and tied at the back, worn as the emblem of a king, and so a diadem or crown.[2] By metonymy it is royal power itself, “the crown”: Horace has virtue bestowing kingdom and diadem on one man, and Livy speaks of wearing a crown bloodied by a brother's murder.[2] Pomponius uses it figuratively of supremacy in charm.[2] The Vulgate has it in the Apocalypse.[5] Church Latin glosses it diadem or crown.[6]

Timeline

  • 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it in the Philippics.[5][4]
  • 65–8 BC – Horace of the crown as royal power.[2][4]
  • 390–406 AD – the Vulgate of the crowns in the Apocalypse.[5][4]
  • c. 1300 – English diadem is borrowed through French.[7]

Meanings

Noun

  1. An ornamental headband; a diadem, crown, the emblem of a king.[2][5][6][1]
  2. Royal power, dominion, “the crown”.[2]
  3. Pre-eminence in something.[2]

Word family

  • diadēmālis
  • diadēmātus
  • English diadem

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  4. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  5. ^ a b c d e Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  6. ^ a b Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
  7. ^ Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com