crudesco

Pronunciation

• IPA (Classical): [kruːˈdeːs.koː]^[1]
• IPA (Ecclesiastical): [kruˈdɛs.ko]^[1]

Forms

crūdēscō (present infinitive crūdēscere, perfect active crūduī); third conjugation, no passive, no supine stem^[1]

Etymology

It is from Latin crūdus (“raw, bloody, harsh”) + -ēscō, an inchoative verb.^[2][3][1] De Vaan traces ⟨crūdus⟩ to Proto-Italic *krowoþo-, perhaps from Proto-Indo-European *kreuh₂-odʰ-o- (“raw”).^[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

Lewis & Short think it perhaps not found before Virgil, coepit crūdēscere morbus “the disease began to grow worse”.^[5] Köbler dates Virgil 70–19 BC.^[6]

Semantic evolution

Poetic and post-Augustan, it meant to grow harsh, fierce or violent, grow worse, of a disease and of fighting in Virgil, anger in Statius and Justin, and sedition in Tacitus.^[2][5]

Timeline

• 70–19 BC – Virgil uses it.^[5][6]
• c. 45–96 AD – Statius uses it of anger.^[5][6]
• 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it of sedition.^[5][6]

Meanings

Verb

1. To become fierce or savage; to grow worse.^[2][5]

Word family

• recrūdēscō

Related words

• crūdēlē
• crūdēlis
• crūdēlitās
• crūdēliter
• crūditās
• crūditātiō
• crūditō
• crūdus

References

1. ^ a b c d Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
3. ^ Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
4. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
5. ^ a b c d e f Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
6. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de