Etymologically
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conspicio

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Pronunciation

  • IPA (Classical): [kõːˈspɪ.ki.oː][1]
  • IPA (Ecclesiastical): [konˈspiː.t͡ʃi.o][1]

Forms

cōnspiciō (present infinitive cōnspicere, perfect active cōnspexī, supine cōnspectum); third (-iō variant) conjugation[1]

Etymology

It is from con- and speciō “to look”.[2][1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD's earliest citations are from Plautus, of catching sight of something.[2] Köbler dates Plautus c. 250–184 BC.[3]

Semantic evolution

It meant to catch sight of, see, as in Plautus, and in Livy to witness.[2] From Plautus it meant to stare at, watch, and to perceive with the mind, in Cicero of things to face towards, and in Horace to notice, with the passive “to attract attention”.[2] Döderlein contrasts vidēre, perception in general, with cernere, distinguishing.[4]

In Ecclesiastical Latin it meant to see, look at intently, consider, perceive.[5] Its participle cōnspectus gave the noun “view”, and the adjective cōnspicuus “visible, striking” gave English conspicuous.[1]

Timeline

  • c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of catching sight of.[2][3]
  • 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of facing towards.[2][3]
  • 65–8 BC – Horace uses it of attracting attention.[2][3]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To catch sight of, see; to witness.[2]
  2. To stare at, watch.[2]
  3. To face towards.[2]
  4. To notice; in the passive, to attract attention.[2]
  5. To perceive, discern.[2]

Word family

  • conspectio
  • cōnspector
  • cōnspectus
  • conspicientia
  • cōnspicillum
  • cōnspicuus
  • inconspectus
  • cōnspicābundus
  • cōnspicor
  • speciō
  • English conspicuous

Usage notes

A noun cōnspiciō meant the act of looking in augury.[2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  4. ^ Döderlein, Ludwig (1874), Döderlein’s Hand-book of Latin Synonymes, tr. H. H. Arnold, Andover: W. F. Draper
  5. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson