Etymologically
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consocio

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [kõːˈsɔ.ki.oː][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [konˈsɔː.t͡ʃi.o][1]

Forms

cōnsociō (present infinitive cōnsociāre, perfect active cōnsociāvī, supine cōnsociātum); first conjugation[1]

Etymology

It is from Latin con- + sociō (“to unite, associate”), or formed directly from socius (“companion”).[2][3] De Vaan lists it among the derivatives of socius, which he traces to Proto-Italic *sokjo- and Proto-Indo-European *sokʷ-(h₂)-i-o- (“companion”); he compares Old English secg (“man, warrior”).[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

The TLL and de Vaan record it first in Plautus,[3][4] who in the Rudens uses it intransitively: vel consociare mihi quidem tecum licet: aequas habemus partes, “I may as well go into partnership with you: we have equal shares”.[2][3]

Semantic evolution

It means to bring into alliance or close relationship, or, intransitively, to enter into partnership.[2] Lewis and Short find it most often in Cicero, Livy and Tacitus.[5] Cicero tells the people that they have never been so closely united with the senate, and speaks of men joined with the gods by law.[2] It is also used of things: Lucretius has atoms that could not join their motions, Horace pines and poplars that love to mingle their shade, and Plautus sweat that mixes with perfume.[2][5] With plans and actions it means to share or join in: Livy has regnum consociant, “they share the kingdom”, and peoples who once joined arms with the Gauls, and Cicero speaks of plans for his own ruin shared with Gabinius.[2] Tacitus uses it of a form of state blended from the others.[2] In Ecclesiastical Latin it means to associate with or share.[6]

Timeline

  • c. 250–184 BC – Plautus uses it of going into partnership.[2][4][7]
  • 96–55 BC – Lucretius uses it of the motions of atoms.[2][7]
  • 81–43 BC – Cicero uses it of the people united with the senate.[2][7]
  • 98–115 AD – Tacitus uses it of a mixed constitution.[2][7]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To bring into alliance or close relationship, unite;[2][5] (intransitive) to enter into partnership.[2][5]
  2. Of things, to join, mix; to form by combining.[2]
  3. To share, join in plans or actions with someone, to associate.[2][5][6]

Word family

  • cōnsociābilis
  • cōnsociātim
  • cōnsociātiō

References

  1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  4. ^ a b c de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  5. ^ a b c d e Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  6. ^ a b Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
  7. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de