Etymologically
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consanguineus

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Pronunciation

  • Classical: [kõː.saŋˈɡʷɪ.ne.ʊs][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [kon.saŋˈɡʷiː.ne.us][1]

Forms

cōnsanguineus (feminine cōnsanguinea, neuter cōnsanguineum); first/second-declension adjective[1] Lucretius has the genitive plural cōnsanguineum.[2][3]

Etymology

It is from Latin con- + sanguineus (“of blood”).[2][4] De Vaan traces sanguis (“blood”) to Proto-Italic *sangwen- and the oblique stem of Proto-Indo-European *h₁ésh₂-r (“blood”), comparing Hittite ešhar (“blood”).[5] Isidore explained that blood relatives are so called because they are sprung from one blood, that is from one father's seed.[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

Its first quotations in the OLD are in Plautus' Poenulus, where someone forbids another to speak unjustly to his kinsmen, and in Pacuvius.[2] Köbler dates it from Accius.[6]

Semantic evolution

It means related by blood, and as a noun a blood relation, kinsman.[2] More narrowly it is brotherly or sisterly, mostly in poetry: Ovid has the shades of brothers.[2][3] As a noun it is a brother or sister: Cicero writes of the brother of “our ox-eyed one”.[2] Lucretius uses it of things closely akin.[2] Church Latin uses the noun for a cousin and the plural for kindred.[7]

Timeline

  • c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of kinsmen.[2][6]
  • 220–130 BC – Pacuvius, related by blood.[2][6]
  • 96–55 BC – Lucretius of things akin.[2][6]
  • 81–43 BC – Cicero of a brother.[2][6]
  • 43 BC–18 AD – Ovid, brotherly.[2][6]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. Related by blood, kindred, consanguineous;[2][3][1] (as a noun) a blood relation, kinsman.[2][7]
  2. Of a brother or sister, brotherly, sisterly;[2][3][1] (as a noun) a brother, a sister.[2]
  3. Of things, closely associated, akin.[2]

Word family

  • cōnsanguinitās

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c d Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  4. ^ a b Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  5. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  6. ^ a b c d e f Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  7. ^ a b Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson