carmino
carmino1 put into verse
Pronunciation
Forms
carminō (present infinitive carmināre, perfect active carmināvī, supine carminātum); first conjugation[1]
Etymology
The verb “to put into verse” is from Latin carmen (“song, poem”) + -ō.[1][2][3][4]
Earliest recorded meaning
Augustine (354–430 AD) uses it against Julian, asking from which poets he learned to picture a two-limbed beast, nōn quidem carminandō, sed blasphēmandō, “not by versifying, though, but by blaspheming”.[2][5]
Semantic evolution
Sidonius Apollinaris uses it of composing a votive piece and of putting Greek words into verse.[6][4][5] Glossaries explain it with pangit and compōnit, “composes, joins”.[2] It was also used of chanting spells,[2][3][7] and Aldhelm has it of putting chapters into metre.[7] The TLL and Georges derive French charmer from it.[2][3]
Timeline
- 354–430 AD – Augustine contrasts versifying with blaspheming.[2][8]
- c. 431–486 AD – Sidonius Apollinaris, in his letters, of writing verse.[6][4][8]
- 639–709 AD – Aldhelm, of putting chapters into verse.[7][8]
Meanings
Verb
- (Late Latin, transitive) To put into verse;[4][5][6] (absolute) to write poetry.[4][5][6]
- (Late Latin, Medieval Latin) To chant spells; to enchant.[3][7][2]
carmino2 card wool
Pronunciation
Forms
carminō (present infinitive carmināre, perfect active carmināvī, supine carminātum); first conjugation[1]
Etymology
The verb “to card” is formed from a noun ⟨carmen⟩ “card for wool”, which is from Latin cārō1 (“to card”).[9][6][2][3]
Earliest recorded meaning
Varro (116–27 BC), in De lingua Latina, says that wool is said to be carded when what clings to it is plucked out.[2][4][8]
Semantic evolution
Pliny the Elder uses it of wool and of flax,[6][3][2] and the OLD also gives it the sense of producing something by carding.[9] Isidore of Seville writes that wool which is cleaned by pulling it apart is said to be carded.[2] Augustine uses it figuratively: Christ, foretold by the Old Testament, now cards it, sifting out the few things in it that are to be accepted.[2] In Medieval Latin it still means to comb or card,[7] and the emperor Frederick II uses it of parent birds scratching grain towards their young with their feet.[7]
Timeline
- 116–27 BC – Varro explains the term for carding wool.[2][8]
- 23/24–79 AD – Pliny the Elder, of wool and flax.[6][8]
- 354–430 AD – Augustine uses it figuratively of sifting the Old Testament.[2][8]
Meanings
Verb
- (transitive) To card (wool); to hackle (flax).[9][3][4][6]
- To produce by carding.[9][1]
- (Late Latin, figurative) To sift, purify.[2]
- (Medieval Latin) To push together by scratching.[7]
Word family
- carminātiō
References
- ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
- ^ a b c d e f g Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn
- ^ a b c d e f g Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
- ^ a b c d Conte, Gian Biagio; Pianezzola, Emilio; Ranucci, Giuliano (2010), il Latino: Vocabolario della lingua latina, 3rd ed., Florence: Le Monnier
- ^ a b c d e f g h Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ^ a b c d e f g Mittellateinisches Wörterbuch bis zum ausgehenden 13. Jahrhundert (1967–), Munich: C. H. Beck; Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
- ^ a b c d e f g Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
- ^ a b c d Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press