Etymologically
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bannio

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Forms

banniō (present infinitive bannīre, perfect active bannīvī, supine bannītum); fourth conjugation[1] It is also spelled ⟨bandiō⟩, ⟨bampniō⟩ and ⟨paniō⟩; a first-conjugation ⟨bannō⟩ also occurs.[1][2]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Frankish *bannijan (“to proclaim, order, summon, ban”).[1] The spelling with ⟨d⟩ shows the influence of Gothic 𐌱𐌰𐌽𐌳𐍅𐌾𐌰𐌽 (bandwjan, “to signal”).[1] Köbler derives it either from bannus or from the legal verb manniō (“to summon”),[3] and the TLL treats it under ⟨manniō⟩.[4] The British sources compare Old English bannan and Old French banir.[5]

Earliest recorded meaning

Köbler finds it first in a capitulary of 596,[3] and Wiktionary names the Lex Ribuaria and Fredegar among its early witnesses.[1] The Lex Ribuaria uses it of a man summoned to the king's service, in the army or for other duties.[2]

Semantic evolution

It meant to command or forbid by the public authority, and to summon: to the army, to a court session or to an oath.[2][1][6] The Formulae of Marculf have the people of a district summoned,[2] and a Frankish law speaks of those called to work on a public bridge.[2] It also meant to place under the king's peace, to confirm, to fine, and to ban or banish, and in the church to excommunicate.[1][2][7] In England it was used of proclaiming and of levying troops by proclamation,[5] and in Gascony of placing property or persons under ban.[5] In Bohemia and Poland it meant also to open a court by proclamation.[8][9]

Timeline

  • 596 – A capitulary uses it.[3]
  • 613–658 – Fredegar's chronicle uses it.[1][3]
  • 1233 – The annals of Dunstable use it of a proclamation recalling men to the king's peace.[5]
  • 1252 – A letter uses it of laying lands in Gascony under ban.[5]

Meanings

Verb

  1. (Medieval Latin) To command or forbid by the public authority; to proclaim.[2][1][5]
  2. (Medieval Latin) To summon: to military service, to a court, to an oath.[2][1][6]
  3. (Medieval Latin) To place under the king's peace; to confirm.[2][1]
  4. (Medieval Latin) To fine; to lay (property) under ban, sequestrate.[2][5]
  5. (Medieval Latin) To ban, banish, outlaw; to excommunicate.[1][5][7][8]
  6. (Medieval Latin) To open (a court) by proclamation.[8][9]

Word family

  • exbanniō

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j Mittellateinisches Wörterbuch bis zum ausgehenden 13. Jahrhundert (1967–), Munich: C. H. Beck; Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  3. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de
  4. ^ Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Latham, R. E., D. R. Howlett, R. K. Ashdowne, et al. (1975–2013), Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources, London: British Academy / Oxford University Press
  6. ^ a b Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill
  7. ^ a b Bartal, Antal, et al. (1987–), Lexicon Latinitatis Medii Aevi Hungariae, Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó; online ed. ELTE
  8. ^ a b c Latinitatis medii aevi lexicon Bohemorum / Slovník středověké latiny v českých zemích (1977–), Prague: Academia; electronic version, Institute of Philosophy of the Czech Academy of Sciences
  9. ^ a b Lexicon mediae et infimae Latinitatis Polonorum (1953–), Kraków: Instytut Języka Polskiego PAN; electronic ed. elexicon.scriptores.pl