archiater

Forms

archīāter m (genitive archīātrī); second declension^[1] Also archiātrus;^[2][3][1] Christian inscriptions have arciater.^[2][3][1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Ancient Greek ἀρχιατρός (arkhiatrós, “chief physician”),^[4][1] made of ἀρχι- (arkhi-, “chief”) and ἰατρός (iatrós, “physician”).^[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

The OLD cites it only from inscriptions, as the title of an official or court physician.^[4]

Semantic evolution

In Late Latin it was the title of the chief physicians at the imperial court and of public physicians elsewhere, as the Theodosian Code shows.^[3][5] Augustine uses it of a physician,^[6][3] and it also occurs in the scholia on Juvenal and in Cassiodorus.^[3] Gregory of Tours uses it of the physician of a Merovingian king.^[2][7]

Medieval writers used it of an eminent physician, of the ancient medical authors, and figuratively of Christ and the saints as healers;^[7] Aldhelm calls Cosmas and Damian celebrated physicians of heavenly medicine.^[8] It also came to mean simply a physician,^[9][7] and Old High German arzāt “physician” comes from it.^[10][7]

Timeline

• 354–430 AD – Augustine uses it of a physician.^[6][10]
• 438 AD – The Theodosian Code uses it of the chief physicians at court.^[3][10]
• 538/539–594 AD – Gregory of Tours uses it of a king's physician.^[2][10]
• 639–709 AD – Aldhelm calls saints physicians of heavenly medicine.^[8][10]

Meanings

Noun

1. An official or court physician; a chief physician.^[4][3][5]
2. (Medieval Latin) An eminent physician; figuratively, a spiritual healer.^[7][8]
3. (Medieval Latin) A physician.^[9][7]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
3. ^ a b c d e f g Georges, Karl Ernst (1913–1918), Ausführliches lateinisch-deutsches Handwörterbuch, 8th ed., ed. Heinrich Georges, Hannover; Leipzig: Hahn
4. ^ a b c Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
5. ^ a b Gaffiot, Félix (2016), Dictionnaire latin-français, new ed. by Gérard Gréco et al. (Gaffiot 2016), online ed.
6. ^ a b Conte, Gian Biagio; Pianezzola, Emilio; Ranucci, Giuliano (2010), il Latino: Vocabolario della lingua latina, 3rd ed., Florence: Le Monnier
7. ^ a b c d e f Mittellateinisches Wörterbuch bis zum ausgehenden 13. Jahrhundert (1967–), Munich: C. H. Beck; Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
8. ^ a b c Latham, R. E., D. R. Howlett, R. K. Ashdowne, et al. (1975–2013), Dictionary of Medieval Latin from British Sources, London: British Academy / Oxford University Press
9. ^ a b Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill
10. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de