Etymologically
Log in

abripio

This is the current revision of this entry, as edited by bogdan on 19 October 2026 at 17:04. This address is a permanent link to this version.
Changes in this edit History

Pronunciation

  • Classical: [abˈrɪ.pi.oː][1]
  • Ecclesiastical: [abˈriː.pi.o][1]

Forms

abripiō (present infinitive abripere, perfect active abripuī, supine abreptum); third (-iō variant) conjugation[1] Late texts, including the Itala, also have abrapiō.[2]

Etymology

It is from Latin ab- + rapiō (“to seize, snatch”).[3][2][1] The verb rapiō goes back to Proto-Italic *rap-i- (“to seize”) and Proto-Indo-European *h₁rp-i- (“to seize”).[4] Cognate with Ancient Greek ἐρέπτομαι (eréptomai, “to devour, snatch”) and Lithuanian ap-rė́pti (“to take, catch”).[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

De Vaan dates it from Plautus,[4] who uses it seven times,[2] as in “so that nobody carries off the bride”.[3]

Semantic evolution

It is to remove by force, drag or snatch away, as Dido's wish in Virgil that she had torn away and scattered Aeneas' body, and to carry off, as in Livy's horse that carried Lentulus away in the confusion.[3] Cicero uses it figuratively, of nature drawing a son away from his father's likeness.[3] Of winds and rivers it is to sweep away, as Virgil's south wind that hurls three ships on hidden rocks.[3] It is also to abduct or kidnap, and to seize as booty.[3][5] Lewis & Short call it stronger than abdūcō, abigō and abstrahō.[5]

Church Latin glosses it “drag or tear away”.[6]

Timeline

  • c. 250–184 BC – Plautus of carrying off a bride.[3][4][7]
  • 81–43 BC – Cicero figuratively.[3][7]
  • 70–19 BC – Virgil of Dido's wish and of ships swept onto rocks.[3][7]
  • 59 BC–17 AD – Livy of a horse carrying off its rider.[3][7]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To drag away, snatch away by force; to carry off by death.[3][5][1]
  2. To carry away, remove; reflexively, to hurry away; figuratively, to rescue.[3]
  3. Of winds and rivers, to sweep away.[3][1]
  4. To abduct, kidnap; to seize as booty.[3][5]

Word family

  • abreptus

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c Thesaurus linguae Latinae (1900–), Leipzig: Teubner; Berlin: De Gruyter; open-access ed., Munich: Bayerische Akademie der Wissenschaften
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  4. ^ a b c d de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  5. ^ a b c d Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  6. ^ Stelten, Leo F. (1995), Dictionary of Ecclesiastical Latin, Peabody, Mass.: Hendrickson
  7. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2010), Lateinisches Abkunfts- und Wirkungswörterbuch für Altertum und Mittelalter, online ed., koeblergerhard.de