Etymologically
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fidanzato

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Pronunciation

  • /fi.danˈt͡sa.to/[1]

Forms

fidanzato (feminine fidanzata, masculine plural fidanzati, feminine plural fidanzate, superlative fidanzatissimo)[1]

Etymology

It is the past participle of fidanzare, used as an adjective and a noun, from Italian fidanzare + -ato.[2][3][4][1] The verb is formed from fidanza (“trust; pledge”).[5][1]

DELI explains the noun as Old French fiance (“promise”), from fier (“to trust”), remade on Italian fidare.[2][6][5] The Old French noun had the verb fiancer, first “to make a commitment” (12th century) and, from 1283 also “to promise in marriage”, the source of French fiancé.[2][6][1] Nocentini instead sees the noun as a Romance formation, Vulgar Latin *fidantia (“trusting”), from *fīdāre (“to trust”), with Old Occitan fizansa and Spanish fianza beside the French word.[3] Medieval Latin fidantiare (“to assure, guarantee”) is recorded at Reggio Emilia in 1242.[2][6]

Earliest recorded meaning

DELI's first record is the adjective, “having exchanged a promise of marriage”, in Bernardo Davanzati's translation of Tacitus (1600): Arminio gli aveva rapito la figliuola fidanzata a un altro (“Arminius had carried off his daughter, who was betrothed to another man”).[2][7][8]

Semantic evolution

The legal senses of fidanza and fidanzare, “pledge” and “to guarantee”, have disappeared.[2] From the 19th century fidanzare in the sense “to promise in marriage”, with fidanzamento and fidanzato, spread and replaced the older phrases promettere, promessa di matrimonio and sposo promesso.[2] Manzoni called his novel I promessi sposi, and in 1869 Tommaseo still wrote that fidanzato was not in common use, which said promesso sposo or simply promessa for the bride.[2][8] The feminine noun fidanzata is recorded in 1829 in a translation of Walter Scott, and the masculine noun in 1855.[2][3][4]

Manzoni wrote of vergini / indarno fidanzate (“maidens betrothed in vain”).[7][9] By extension the noun now also means a boyfriend, a partner in a steady relationship, and malattia dei fidanzati is a popular name for mononucleosis.[5][4][9]

Timeline

  • 1242 – Medieval Latin fidantiare is recorded at Reggio Emilia.[2]
  • Before 1363 – Matteo Villani uses fidanzare for “to guarantee”.[2]
  • 1600 – Bernardo Davanzati uses fidanzato “betrothed”.[2]
  • 1829 – The noun fidanzata appears in a translation of Walter Scott.[2]
  • 1855 – The masculine noun is first recorded.[3][4]
  • 1869 – Tommaseo notes that fidanzato is not in common use.[2][8]
  • 1898 – Fidanzamento “engagement” is first recorded.[2]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. Engaged, betrothed, or in a steady relationship (+ con): Mia cugina è fidanzata con un ragazzo di Bari.[4][10][11]

Noun

  1. A fiancé (feminine fidanzata, a fiancée).[5][4][12]
  2. By extension, a boyfriend (feminine, a girlfriend), a partner in a steady relationship: Stasera esce con la fidanzata.[5][12][11]
  3. (plural) An engaged couple.[1][4]

Word family

  • fidanzatino
  • fidanza
  • fidanzamento
  • fidanzare
  • fidanzarsi
  • fidare
  • French fiancé

Usage notes

Fidanzati in casa are an engaged couple whose families have formally accepted the engagement.[4] The diminutive fidanzatino is used for very young sweethearts.[11][12]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Cortelazzo, Manlio; Zolli, Paolo (1999), Dizionario etimologico della lingua italiana, 2nd ed. by Manlio Cortelazzo and Michele A. Cortelazzo, Bologna: Zanichelli
  3. ^ a b c d Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h Devoto, Giacomo; Oli, Gian Carlo; Serianni, Luca; Trifone, Maurizio (2026), Nuovo Devoto–Oli: il vocabolario dell'italiano contemporaneo, digital ed., Milano: Le Monnier
  5. ^ a b c d e De Mauro, Tullio (ed.) (2003), Grande dizionario italiano dell'uso, CD-ROM version 2.0, Torino: UTET
  6. ^ a b c Battisti, Carlo; Alessio, Giovanni (1950–1957), Dizionario etimologico italiano, 5 vols., Firenze: Barbèra (reprint 1975)
  7. ^ a b Battaglia, Salvatore; Bàrberi Squarotti, Giorgio (1961–2002), Grande dizionario della lingua italiana, 21 vols., Torino: UTET; digital ed. Accademia della Crusca
  8. ^ a b c Tommaseo, Niccolò; Bellini, Bernardo (1861–1879), Dizionario della lingua italiana, 4 vols., Torino: UTET
  9. ^ a b Gabrielli, Aldo (2020), Grande dizionario italiano, digital ed., Milano: Hoepli
  10. ^ Sabatini, Francesco; Coletti, Vittorio; Manfredini, Manuela (2026), Dizionario italiano Sabatini Coletti, digital ed., Milano: Sansoni / Rizzoli Larousse
  11. ^ a b c Vocabolario della lingua italiana Treccani (2011), Roma: Istituto della Enciclopedia Italiana
  12. ^ a b c Zingarelli, Nicola (2009), Lo Zingarelli 2010: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Bologna: Zanichelli