Etymologically
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doccia

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Pronunciation

  • /ˈdot.t͡ʃa/[1]

Forms

doccia f (plural docce)[1] Old Italian also wrote docia.[2] Medieval Latin documents have doza (Bologna, 1285), duza (Modena, 1327) and ducia (Ferrara, 1364) for a water channel.[3]

Etymology

The origin is uncertain.[4][5][6] DELI holds that the words of this family belong together but that neither their starting point nor their relations are clear: the base is either Vulgar Latin *dŭcea, which would give the Italian noun directly, or Latin ductiō (“conduit, channelling of water”), used by Vitruvius, which gave doccione “drainpipe”; both come from dūcō (“to lead”).[4][2] Meyer-Lübke made the word a back-formation from that noun and rejected the Vulgar Latin form as impossible in Latin;[7][1] Wiktionary also prefers the back-formation.[7][1] Devoto–Oli derive it from doccio “pipe, gutter”.[8]

DEI gives the meanings separate headings: one is “pipe” (14th century), the other “shower”, a noun formed from docciare.[3] The sense “shower” passed into French douche in the 16th century, and French passed it on to Spanish ducha.[9][3][10]

Earliest recorded meaning

The TLIO's first record is in Restoro d'Arezzo, 1282, in the dialect of Arezzo, in the sense “a sloping channel or pipe that carries water”, as for a mill or an aqueduct.[2] DELI's first record of the sense “pipe of sheet metal, terracotta or other material” is in the 13th-century chronicle of Malispini.[4]

Semantic evolution

Old Italian also used the word for a roof gutter, for the cooling tube of a still, and for a jet of water gushing from a spring.[2] The sense “shower”, a jet of water on the body for cleanliness or treatment, is recorded in the Ricettario fiorentino (1499–1573); DIFIT dates it to 1498.[4][10]

French borrowed this sense as douche (1580–1581, first in the Italian form doccia) and passed it on to English and German.[10] Doccia scozzese, a shower alternating hot and cold water and figuratively a run of good and bad news, is a calque of French douche écossaise (1866).[4][8][11] In surgery a doccia is a channel-shaped plaster or metal splint for a broken limb.[5][1]

Timeline

  • 1282 – Restoro d'Arezzo uses doccia “water channel”.[2]
  • 1285 – Medieval Latin doza is recorded at Bologna.[3]
  • 1498 – DIFIT's first date for the sense “shower”.[10]
  • 1580–1581 – French douche is recorded, from Italian.[10]
  • 1866 – French douche écossaise, the model of doccia scozzese, is recorded.[4]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A shower, a jet of water on the body for washing or treatment: Faccio la doccia e arrivo.[5][8][1]
  2. The fitting that sprays the water, (chiefly plural) the room with showers: Le docce sono in fondo al corridoio.[5]
  3. (by extension) A soaking, as in heavy rain.[5]
  4. A gutter or downpipe; the outlet of a gutter.[5][1]
  5. A channel that carries water to the blades of a mill; a channel or ditch.[5][2]
  6. (surgery) A channel-shaped splint of plaster or metal for a broken limb.[5][1]

Word family

  • docciare
  • docciatura
  • doccione
  • docciaio
  • docciaschiuma
  • doccio
  • condotto
  • Latin duco
  • French douche

Usage notes

Doccia fredda “cold shower” is also used figuratively for a sudden disappointment.[8][11]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f Tesoro della Lingua Italiana delle Origini (1997–), Opera del Vocabolario Italiano, CNR, Firenze; tlio.ovi.cnr.it
  3. ^ a b c d Battisti, Carlo; Alessio, Giovanni (1950–1957), Dizionario etimologico italiano, 5 vols., Firenze: Barbèra (reprint 1975), p. 1370
  4. ^ a b c d e f Cortelazzo, Manlio; Zolli, Paolo (1999), Dizionario etimologico della lingua italiana, 2nd ed. by Manlio Cortelazzo and Michele A. Cortelazzo, Bologna: Zanichelli
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h De Mauro, Tullio (ed.) (2003), Grande dizionario italiano dell'uso, CD-ROM version 2.0, Torino: UTET
  6. ^ Sabatini, Francesco; Coletti, Vittorio; Manfredini, Manuela (2026), Dizionario italiano Sabatini Coletti, digital ed., Milano: Sansoni / Rizzoli Larousse
  7. ^ a b Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
  8. ^ a b c d Devoto, Giacomo; Oli, Gian Carlo; Serianni, Luca; Trifone, Maurizio (2026), Nuovo Devoto–Oli: il vocabolario dell'italiano contemporaneo, digital ed., Milano: Le Monnier
  9. ^ Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier
  10. ^ a b c d e Stammerjohann, Harro, et al. (2008), Dizionario di italianismi in francese, inglese, tedesco, Firenze: Accademia della Crusca; online at difit.italianisticaonline.it
  11. ^ a b Zingarelli, Nicola (2009), Lo Zingarelli 2010: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Bologna: Zanichelli