*ters-

Reconstruction

LIV sets up *ters- "to wither; to become thirsty",^[1] and NIL gives the same root and gloss.^[2] Kloekhorst also reconstructs *ters-.^[3]

Morphology

LIV reconstructs a root aorist *térs-/tr̥s- in Sanskrit तृषाण (tr̥ṣāṇá-, “thirsty”); a i̯e-present *tr̥s-i̯é- in Sanskrit तृष्यन्त् (tŕ̥ṣyant-, “thirsting”) and Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌾𐌰𐌽 (þaursjan, “to be thirsty”); a perfect *te-tórs/tr̥s-; a causative *tors-éi̯e- in Hittite tarš-, Latin torreō (“to scorch, roast”), Old Norse þerra (“to dry”) and Albanian ter (“dries”); a doubtful fientive in Ancient Greek τερσῆναι (tersênai, “to become dry”); and an essive *tr̥s-h₁i̯é- in Old High German dorrēn (“to wither”).^[1] The Greek middle present and Gothic 𐌲𐌰𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌽𐌰𐌽 (ga-þaursnan, “to wither”) are later formations.^[1] Kroonen derives the ingressive verb of Germanic from *trs-néh₂-.^[4]

Evidence

Anatolian, Indo-Iranian, Greek, Italic, Celtic, Germanic and Albanian are cited under Reflexes.^[1][5] Adams derives the causative Tocharian B tärs- (“berate”) perhaps from *ters-, or from *tres- "tremble".^[6]

Meanings

1. to wither, to dry up^[1]
2. to become thirsty^[1]

Words for "thirst" come from the sense "be dry, parched".^[7]

Derivatives

• *tr̥s-ú- "dry", in Proto-Germanic *þurzu- (“dry”) and Gothic 𐌸𐌰𐌿𐍂𐍃𐌿𐍃 (þaursus).^[2][4]
• *tr̥s-tu- "thirst", in Proto-Germanic *þurstu- (“thirst”) and Old Irish tart (“thirst”).^[8]
• *tr̥s-tó-, in Latin tostus and Sanskrit तृष्ट (tṛṣṭá-).^[2]
• *tr̥s-no/ah₂-, in Sanskrit तृष्णा (tṛ́ṣṇā, “thirst”).^[2]
• *ters-h₂-, in Latin terra (“earth”).^[9]

Reflexes

• Anatolian: Hittite tarš- (“to become dry, or to make dry”).^[3]
• Indo-Aryan: Sanskrit तृष्णा (tṛ́ṣṇā, “thirst”).^[10]
• Greek: Ancient Greek τέρσομαι (térsomai, “to dry”).^[11]
• Italic: Latin torreō (“to scorch, roast”).^[12]
• Celtic: Proto-Celtic *tar(r)tu- (“dryness, thirst”), Old Irish tart (“thirst”).^[5]
• Germanic: Proto-Germanic *þurstu- (“thirst”), Old English þurst.^[8]
• Albanian: Albanian ter (“to make dry”).^[13]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Rix, Helmut, et al. (2001), Lexikon der indogermanischen Verben, 2nd ed., Wiesbaden: Reichert, p. s.v. *ters-
2. ^ a b c d Wodtko, Dagmar S.; Irslinger, Britta; Schneider, Carolin (2008), Nomina im indogermanischen Lexikon, Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. *ters-
3. ^ a b Kloekhorst, Alwin (2008), Etymological Dictionary of the Hittite Inherited Lexicon, Leiden: Brill, p. 848
4. ^ a b Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 554
5. ^ a b Matasović, Ranko (2009), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Celtic, Leiden: Brill, p. 382
6. ^ Adams, Douglas Q. (2013), A Dictionary of Tocharian B, 2nd ed., Amsterdam: Rodopi, p. 313
7. ^ Buck, Carl Darling (1949), A Dictionary of Selected Synonyms in the Principal Indo-European Languages, Chicago, p. 333
8. ^ a b Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 553
9. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill, p. s.v. terra
10. ^ Cheung, Johnny (2007), Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb, Leiden: Brill, p. 408
11. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Greek, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 10, Leiden; Boston: Brill, p. s.v. τέρσομαι
12. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill, p. s.v. torreō
13. ^ Orel, Vladimir (1998), Albanian Etymological Dictionary, Leiden / Boston / Köln: Brill, p. s.v. ter