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hoz

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Pronunciation

Forms

hoz[1]

Etymology

It is a Hungarian development, probably split off from the verb húz “to pull, to drag”, which goes back to Proto-Ugric *kupɜ-tɜ- (“to pull, to jerk”).[2][3][4][5][1] TESz calls the origin uncertain;[2][3][4][5] EWUng, ÚESz and Zaicz consider the split probable.[2][3][4][5] The same relation of meaning is found in hord “to carry” beside hurcol “to drag”, and in German holen (“to fetch”) beside the English word hale (“to pull”).[4][5][3]

The variant ⟨hojz-⟩ of the dialects, as in ⟨hojzál⟩, is like dialect ⟨hojzám⟩ for hozzám and ⟨hojszú⟩ for hosszú.[2][4] TESz and Bárczi reject the Finno-Ugric comparisons that had been proposed.[2][6] Budenz had compared Finnish tuoda (“to bring”).[7]

Earliest recorded meaning

The verb is first recorded in the Jókai Codex, a text written after 1372 and copied about 1448, as oda hoʒnak “they bring there”; the sense is “to bring or lead something or someone towards the speaker”.[2][4]

Semantic evolution

TESz takes “to bring” as the original sense; the others arose in fixed phrases.[2][4] From gyümölcsöt hoz “to bear fruit” came “to yield, to produce” (c. 1456), from példát hoz “to bring an example” “to mention, to cite” (before 1495), from phrases like ha az idő úgy hozza “if the time brings it so” “to make possible” (1616), from ahogy a törvény hozza “as the law brings it” “to prescribe” (1640), and lastly from a lap hozza “the paper brings it” “to publish” (1847).[2] Világra hoz “to give birth” is recorded in 1577, and behoz “to catch up, make up” in 1904.[4][3]

The derivatives are hozat “to have brought” (c. 1519), hozatal (1621), hozomány “dowry” (1645), hozakodik (1728, in előhozakodik “to bring up a subject”), hozadék (1798) and hozam “yield” (1872).[4][5] The slang phrase hozomra “on credit” appears in comic papers in 1874 and 1878.[4][2]

The greeting Isten hozott, “God has brought you”, welcomes a guest.[8][9] The dialects have a jesting invitation, Ha hoztok, esztek “if you bring something, you'll eat”.[10]

Timeline

  • c. 1448 – oda hoʒnak “they bring there” in the Jókai Codex (a text written after 1372).[2][4]
  • c. 1456 – “to bear (fruit), to yield”.[2][4]
  • before 1495 – “to mention, to cite”, in the Guary Codex.[2]
  • c. 1519 – hozat.[2][4]
  • 1577 – világra hoz “to give birth”.[4][3]
  • 1616 – “to make possible”.[2][4]
  • 1621 – hozatal, in Szenczi Molnár's dictionary.[4]
  • 1645 – hozomány “dowry”.[2][4]
  • 1798 – hozadék.[4][5]
  • 1847 – “to publish”.[2][4]
  • 1872 – hozam “yield”.[4]
  • 1874 – hozomra “on credit”.[4]
  • 1904 – behoz “to catch up”.[4]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To bring, to carry something to where the speaker is, or towards a person imagined as present: Hozz egy pohár vizet![11][1]
  2. To bring a person or animal along;[11] feleséget hoz “to bring home a wife”.[11]
  3. To bring news or something learnt elsewhere; of a natural force, to carry or sweep something this way.[11]
  4. To put someone or something into a state: mozgásba hoz “to set in motion”, zavarba hoz “to embarrass”.[1][11]
  5. To yield, to bear fruit or produce a profit: A föld jó termést hozott.[2][9]
  6. To pass or lay down a law or decision: törvényt hoz.[2][4]
  7. Of a newspaper, to publish or carry a report.[2][4]

Word family

  • hozadék
  • hozam
  • hozat
  • hozatal
  • hozható
  • hozomány
  • hozakodik
  • behoz

Usage notes

The case suffix -hoz/-hez/-höz and hozzá “to him, to it” look alike but have a separate source, which Bárczi traces to the Ugric period.[6] The colloquial hoci “give it here” goes back to the imperative hozd ide.[12][2]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Benkő, Loránd (ed.) (1967–1976), A magyar nyelv történeti-etimológiai szótára, 3 vols., Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, p. 2, 153
  3. ^ a b c d e f Benkő, Loránd (ed.) (1993–1997), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Ungarischen, 3 vols., Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, p. 626
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x Gerstner, Károly (ed.) (2006–), Új magyar etimológiai szótár, Budapest: Nyelvtudományi Kutatóközpont; online at uesz.nytud.hu
  5. ^ a b c d e f Zaicz, Gábor (ed.) (2006), Etimológiai szótár: magyar szavak és toldalékok eredete, Budapest: Tinta Könyvkiadó
  6. ^ a b Bárczi, Géza (1941), Magyar szófejtő szótár, Budapest: Királyi Magyar Egyetemi Nyomda, p. 76
  7. ^ Budenz, József (1873–1881), Magyar–ugor összehasonlító szótár, Budapest: Magyar Tudományos Akadémia, p. 136
  8. ^ Czuczor, Gergely; Fogarasi, János (1862–1874), A magyar nyelv szótára, 6 vols., Pest: Emich Gusztáv / Athenaeum
  9. ^ a b Bálint, Sándor (1957), Szegedi szótár, 2 vols., Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó, p. 1, 615
  10. ^ Csűry, Bálint (1935–1936), Szamosháti szótár, 2 vols., Budapest: Magyar Nyelvtudományi Társaság, p. 1, 395
  11. ^ a b c d e Bárczi, Géza; Országh, László (eds.) (1959–1962), A magyar nyelv értelmező szótára, 7 vols., Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó; online at ertelmezo.oszk.hu
  12. ^ Szinnyei, József (1893–1901), Magyar tájszótár, 2 vols., Budapest: Hornyánszky, p. 1, 893