Biblical Hebrew words first recorded in the 6th century BC

It is inherited from Proto-Semitic *ʔinš- (“man, person”) in Wiktionary's reconstruction. Kogan, who finds the form only in Central Semitic, reconstructs it for Proto-Central Semitic from Ugaritic…

It is the plural from Biblical Hebrew אֱלוֹהַּ (ʾĕlôah, “god”), which goes back to Proto-Semitic *ʔil- (“god”) extended with /-āh-/. Kogan describes this longer stem as a Central Semitic extension…

The verb “to come” is common Semitic: Ugaritic bʾ (“to enter, come”), Phoenician bʾ, Akkadian bâʾu (“to go along, come in”), Ge'ez ቦአ (boʾa, “to enter”) and Arabic بَاءَ (bāʾa, “to return”). HALOT…

It is inherited from Proto-Semitic *yad- (“hand”), one of the basic words of Proto-Semitic. The word is kept in Ugaritic yd, Phoenician yd, Aramaic יַד (yaḏ), Classical Syriac ܐܝܼܕܵܐ (ʾīḏā), Sabaean…

1. The verb “to go up” is inherited from Proto-Semitic *ʕaly- (“high”), the root of words for height in most Semitic languages. It is kept in Ugaritic ʿly (“to go up, rise”), whose causative stem…

1. The verb “to say” is inherited from Proto-Semitic *ʔmr, a Semitic root, whose meaning differs from branch to branch. “To say” is the sense in Phoenician ʾmr, in Aramaic אֲמַר (ʾămar), which is…

It is inherited from Proto-Semitic *yawm- (“day”), with the diphthong /aw/ contracted to /ô/ in Hebrew. HALOT and BDB give the cognates: Akkadian ūmu, Ugaritic ym, Phoenician ym, Aramaic יוֹם (yôm)…

1. The noun for “king” is inherited from Proto-Semitic *malk- (“king”). Kogan sets up Proto-West Semitic *mal(i)k- (“king”) beside the verb *mlk (“to rule”), and Gesenius–Buhl explains the segolate…

The verb “to give” is a Northwest Semitic word with a cognate in Akkadian. Ugaritic and Phoenician have it as Ugaritic ytn and Phoenician ytn, with ⟨y⟩ for ⟨n⟩, and Kogan holds, against Militarev…

1. The noun “servant” is inherited from Proto-Semitic *ʕabd- (“slave”), as StarLing reconstructs it, though Kogan and Wiktionary find it only in the Central Semitic languages and so reconstruct it…

1. The origin of the word is uncertain. It has cognates in Ugaritic ʕr and in Sabaean ʿr (“mountain, fortress”), and perhaps in Phoenician. HALOT lists three explanations: a loan from Sumerian uru…

It is a verb of the Canaanite core vocabulary: the root is shared with Ugaritic ʿšy (“to make, work”), where it is marginal, with Moabite עשתי (ʿšty, “I made”) in the Mesha inscription, and with…

It is inherited from Proto-West Semitic *rʔy (“to see”). Kogan finds the root mostly in Hebrew, Arabic رَأَى (raʾā), Sabaean rʾy and Ge'ez ርእየ (rəʾya), and in Hebrew and Arabic it is the basic verb…

1. It is inherited from Proto-Semitic *šamiʕ- (“to hear”), and the root *šmʿ (“to hear”) is found all through Semitic. The verb is kept in Akkadian šemû (Assyrian šamāʾu), Ugaritic šmʕ, Phoenician…