Etymologically
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κυλίνδω

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Pronunciation

  • 5th-century BC Attic: /ky.lín.dɔː/[1]
  • 4th-century AD Koine: /cyˈlin.do/[1]
  • 10th-century Byzantine: /cyˈlin.do/[1]

Forms

κῠλῐ́νδω (kulíndō) [1] Attic prose more often has κυλινδέω (kulindéō), and later Greek κυλίω (kulíō).[2][3]

Etymology

Beekes considers it Pre-Greek, from Pre-Greek, because of the element -ινδ- (-ind-), found also in its synonyms ἀλινδέω (alindéō) and καλινδέομαι (kalindéomai).[4][5] It is most often connected with κυλλός (kullós, “crooked, lame”) and a wide root Proto-Indo-European *(s)kel- (“to bend”), which Beekes does not accept.[4][1]

Chantraine compares the formation of ἀλίνδω (alíndō) and mentions Taillardat's link with κύκλος (kúklos, “circle”) and the root *kʷel- (“to turn”), which Babiniotis also gives.[6][7]

Earliest recorded meaning

In Homer the sea and the wind roll the waves, a wave rolls a man ashore, and a shameless stone rolls back down to the plain.[8][2]

Semantic evolution

The Homeric poems also use the middle for people rolling in the dust in grief, and a god may roll disaster upon someone like a wave.[2][3] Pindar uses it for revolving something in the mind and for the rolling days, and in Aristophanes a name is “rolled about” the marketplace, that is, much talked of.[2] Sophocles uses the passive for being thrown headlong from a chariot.[2]

The later form κυλίω (kulíō) became medieval Greek Byzantine Greek κυλώ (kyló), formed anew from the aorist stem, and survives as Modern Greek κυλώ (kiló, “to roll”).[9][10][7]

Timeline

  • Homer – The Iliad and the Odyssey use it for rolling waves and stones and for rolling in the dust.[8][2]
  • 6th–5th century BC – Pindar uses it for turning something over in the mind.[2][11]
  • 5th century BC – Sophocles uses the passive for being hurled from a chariot.[2][11]
  • 5th–4th century BC – Aristophanes says a name is “rolled about” the marketplace.[2][11]
  • Modern Greek – The later form survives as Modern Greek κυλώ (kiló), “to roll”.[10][7]

Meanings

Verb

  1. To roll, roll along, as a wave or stone.[2][3]
  2. (figurative) To roll misfortune upon someone; to turn over in the mind.[2][3]
  3. (middle and passive) To be rolled, roll; of people, to wallow in grief, wander to and fro.[2]
  4. (passive) To be hurled headlong.[2]
  5. (passive) Of words or names, to be much talked of.[2]

Word family

  • ἀμφικυλίνδω (amphikulíndō)
  • κύλινδρος (kúlindros)
  • μετακυλίνδω (metakulíndō)
  • προσκυλίνδω (proskulíndō)
  • ἀνακυλίνδω (anakulíndō)
  • κατακυλίνδω (katakulíndō)
  • κύλισις (kúlisis)
  • κυλίω (kulíō)

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n Liddell, Henry George; Scott, Robert; Jones, Henry Stuart (1940), A Greek-English Lexicon, 9th ed., Oxford: Clarendon Press
  3. ^ a b c d Diggle, James, et al., eds. (2021), The Cambridge Greek Lexicon, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
  4. ^ a b Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), Etymological Dictionary of Greek, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 10, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  5. ^ Beekes, Robert S. P. (2014), Pre-Greek: Phonology, Morphology, Lexicon, ed. Stefan Norbruis, Leiden; Boston: Brill
  6. ^ Chantraine, Pierre (2009), Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue grecque: histoire des mots, new ed. with a supplement (Chroniques d'étymologie grecque 1–10), Paris: Klincksieck
  7. ^ a b c Babiniotis, Georgios (2010), Ετυμολογικό λεξικό της νέας ελληνικής γλώσσας [Etymological Dictionary of Modern Greek], Athens: Κέντρο Λεξικολογίας
  8. ^ a b Cunliffe, Richard John (1924), A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect, London: Blackie and Son
  9. ^ Kriaras, Emmanuel, Επιτομή του Λεξικού της μεσαιωνικής ελληνικής δημώδους γραμματείας 1100–1669, Κέντρο Ελληνικής Γλώσσας, https://www.greek-language.gr
  10. ^ a b Ινστιτούτο Νεοελληνικών Σπουδών (Ίδρυμα Μανόλη Τριανταφυλλίδη) (1998), Λεξικό της κοινής νεοελληνικής, Thessaloniki: Aristotle University of Thessaloniki
  11. ^ a b c Rodríguez Adrados, Francisco, et al., eds. (1980–), Diccionario Griego-Español, Madrid: CSIC, http://dge.cchs.csic.es/xdge