*stukkī

Reconstruction

Wiktionary reconstructs *stukkī "piece" for Proto-West Germanic.^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Proto-Germanic *stukkiją (“piece”),^[2][3] which Kroonen cites as *stukkja- and Orel as *stukkjan.^[3][4] Ringe and Taylor give Proto-Northwest Germanic *stukkiją "piece", which became *stuċċī on the way to Old English styċċe.^[2]

Morphology

A neuter ja-stem.^[5][6][7] Kroonen takes the Proto-Germanic noun for a ja-stem formed from the strong verb *stekan- "to stick" or from its iterative *stuk(k)ōn-.^[3] Orel derives it from *stukkaz, the Proto-Germanic ancestor of *stokk.^[4]

Evidence

The noun is attested as Old English styċċe, Old Frisian stekk, Old Saxon stukki and Old High German stukki.^[5][8][6][7] Old Saxon has it in glosses of the late 10th century, for Latin frustum (“morsel, piece”).^[9] De Vaan derives Flemish Middle Dutch stik from the same West Germanic noun.^[10] Köbler records Lombardic *stukki as the source of Italian stucco (“putty, stucco”),^[11] and Gamillscheg derives French stuc, a word of the 16th century, from the Italian one, which he traces to Lombard.^[12]

Competing analyses

Kroonen and Ringe and Taylor reconstruct the Proto-Germanic noun with *-kk-,^[3][2] and Wiktionary says that the geminate is assumed on the model of *stukkaz.^[13] De Vaan instead starts the Flemish form from *stukja, whose stem-final consonant was geminated before the final syllable was lost in West Germanic.^[10] Kortlandt and Boutkan reconstruct an intermediate stage with a palatalized geminate, *stukk′; they assume that such forms acquired the nominative-accusative ending *-i, giving *stuki, and then took the geminate back from the oblique cases, giving *stukki.^[14] For de Vaan the stage *stukk′ is what matters, since it would explain why the Flemish word is a monosyllable.^[15]

Meanings

1. piece^[2][1]

Köbler gives the Proto-Germanic noun the meanings "stump, piece".^[5] Old English also used the word for "part, short while, small coin",^[5] and Old High German for "part, distance, morsel, gold coin".^[7]

Reflexes

• Old English: styċċe (“piece, part, short while, small coin”)^[5]
• Old Frisian: stekk (“piece”)^[8]
• Old Saxon: stukki (“piece”)^[6]
• Old High German: stukki (“piece, part, distance, morsel”)^[7]

References

1. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. *stukkī
2. ^ a b c d Ringe, Don; Taylor, Ann (2014), The Development of Old English, A Linguistic History of English II, Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. 209
3. ^ a b c d Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 487
4. ^ a b Orel, Vladimir (2003), A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 383
5. ^ a b c d e Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Altenglisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. stycce
6. ^ a b c Tiefenbach, Heinrich (2010), Altsächsisches Handwörterbuch / A Concise Old Saxon Dictionary, Berlin / New York: De Gruyter, p. s.v. stukki
7. ^ a b c d Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, 6th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. stukki
8. ^ a b Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Altfriesisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. stekk
9. ^ Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Altsächsisches Wörterbuch, 5th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. stukki
10. ^ a b de Vaan, Michiel (2017), The Dawn of Dutch: Language Contact in the Western Low Countries before 1200, NOWELE Supplement Series 30, Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins, p. 303
11. ^ Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Althochdeutsches Wörterbuch, 6th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. *stukki
12. ^ Gamillscheg, Ernst (1966–1969), Etymologisches Wörterbuch der französischen Sprache, 2nd, fully revised ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 873
13. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. *stukkiją
14. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2017), The Dawn of Dutch: Language Contact in the Western Low Countries before 1200, NOWELE Supplement Series 30, Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins, p. 303–304
15. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2017), The Dawn of Dutch: Language Contact in the Western Low Countries before 1200, NOWELE Supplement Series 30, Amsterdam / Philadelphia: John Benjamins, p. 304