*skuttjan

Reconstruction

Wiktionary reconstructs *skuttjan.^[1]

Etymology

It is formed from Proto-West Germanic *skut (“a border, a divider”) + *-jan.^[1] Köbler derives the Old English and Old Frisian verbs from a Proto-Germanic noun *skutta "partition, bar".^[2][3][4]

Morphology

A weak verb of class I.^[2][3]

Evidence

The verb is attested as Old English sċyttan (“to shut, to bolt”)^[5] and Old Frisian sketta, used of damming water, blocking a way and shutting in cattle.^[6] EWA records an Old High German biskuzzen (“to surround with a dam”) in an 11th-century gloss, under skuzzen, which it takes for a zero-grade formation to the family of skiozan (“to shoot”).^[7] Wiktionary gives the Old Saxon and Old Dutch forms only as reconstructions.^[1]

Meanings

1. to shut, to close off^[1]
2. to enclose^[1]

Old English also used the verb for "to pay",^[5] and Old Frisian for "to stanch (blood)", "to prevent" and "to refuse".^[6]

Reflexes

• Old English: sċyttan (“to shut, to bolt, to pay”)^[5]
• Old Frisian: sketta (“to dam up, to block, to shut in, to prevent”)^[6]
• Old High German: biskuzzen (“to surround with a dam”)^[7]

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. *skuttjan
2. ^ a b Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Altenglisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. scyttan
3. ^ a b Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Altfriesisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. sketta
4. ^ Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Germanisches Wörterbuch, 5th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. *skutta
5. ^ a b c Holthausen, Ferdinand (1934), Altenglisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. s.v. scyttan
6. ^ a b c Hofmann, Dietrich; Popkema, Anne Tjerk (2008), Altfriesisches Handwörterbuch, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. s.v. sketta
7. ^ a b Lloyd, Albert L.; Springer, Otto; Lühr, Rosemarie, et al. (1988–), Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Althochdeutschen, Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht; online ewa.saw-leipzig.de, p. s.v. skuzzen