*skrapōną

Reconstruction

The verb is *skrapōną in Wiktionary^[1] and *skrapōn in Köbler;^[2] Orel writes *skrapōjanan.^[3]

Etymology

Kroonen heads it *skrapp/bōn- ~ *skarbōn- and traces it to a European *skrobʰ-néh₂-, from Proto-Indo-European *skrebʰ-.^[4] Wiktionary derives it from *skrepaną "to scratch, scrape" with the suffix *-ōną.^[1]

Morphology

A weak verb of the second class.^[5][6] Kroonen calls it the iterative to the strong verb *skerban- ~ *skerpan- ~ *skrepan- "to scrape, scratch"; its o-grade implies an older o-grade intensive strong verb *skraban-, from PIE *skróbʰ-, compare Latvian skrabt (“to scratch”).^[7] His heading covers the variants with p, pp and b, as in Middle Dutch schraven, schrabben, schrappen and schrapen.^[7]

Evidence

The verb is found only in Northwest Germanic: Old Norse skrapa, Old English scrapian, Middle Dutch and Middle High German schraffen; no Gothic form is listed.^[7][3] Katz derived some Ludian and Veps verbs from Proto-Germanic *skrapōn;^[8] LÄGLOS finds this unlikely, because it needs a metathesis without parallel in Proto-Finnic.^[8]

Competing analyses

Orel derives the verb from the strong verb *skrepanan, which he relates to Lithuanian skrembù (“to get a thin crust”), skrabt and Proto-Slavic *skrebti (“to scratch”).^[9] Köbler sets it under PIE *skerbʰ-, *skrebʰ- "to cut".^[2] Holthausen compared Latin scrobis (“pit”).^[10]

Meanings

1. to scrape, to scratch^[7][2][1]

Orel also glosses Old Norse skrapa "to clatter",^[3] a sense that de Vries gives to a separate verb meaning "to make a noise, to chatter".^[11]

Reflexes

• Old Norse: skrapa (“to scratch, to scrape”)^[11]
• Old English: scrapian (“to scratch”)^[10]

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org, p. s.v. *skrapōną
2. ^ a b c Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Germanisches Wörterbuch, 5th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. *skrapōn
3. ^ a b c Orel, Vladimir (2003), A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 343
4. ^ Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 444, 447
5. ^ Köbler, Gerhard, Altnordisches Wörterbuch, online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary database copy), p. s.v. skrapa
6. ^ Köbler, Gerhard (2014), Altenglisches Wörterbuch, 4th ed., online, koeblergerhard.de/wikiling, p. s.v. scrapian
7. ^ a b c d Kroonen, Guus (2013), Etymological Dictionary of Proto-Germanic, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 11, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 447
8. ^ a b Kylstra, A. D.; Hahmo, Sirkka-Liisa; Hofstra, Tette; Nikkilä, Osmo (1991–2012), Lexikon der älteren germanischen Lehnwörter in den ostseefinnischen Sprachen, 3 vols, Amsterdam / Atlanta / New York: Rodopi, p. 42
9. ^ Orel, Vladimir (2003), A Handbook of Germanic Etymology, Leiden / Boston: Brill, p. 343, 344
10. ^ a b Holthausen, Ferdinand (1934), Altenglisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, Heidelberg: Carl Winter, p. s.v. scrapian
11. ^ a b de Vries, Jan (1977), Altnordisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 2nd ed., Leiden: Brill, p. s.v. skrapa