Old French words first recorded in the 10th century

It is inherited from Latin pācō (“to pacify, subdue”), a verb formed from pāx (“peace”). In Latin it meant to impose peace on a land or people. Gamillscheg holds that already in Vulgar Latin it had…

It is inherited from Latin frūctus (“enjoyment; produce, fruit”), which in Late Latin passed from the fourth declension to the second. The Latin noun is formed on fruor (“to enjoy”) with the suffix…

It is inherited from Latin annūntiō (“to announce, make known”). The Latin verb, also written adnūntiō, is formed from ad- (“to”) and nūntiō (“to report”), from nūntius (“messenger”), a word of…

It is inherited from Latin ars (“skill, craft”), from its accusative artem. The Latin noun was feminine, and in French the gender wavered between masculine and feminine until the 16th century…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *calfō, a shortened form of Latin calefaciō (“to make warm”). The Latin verb is a compound of caleō (“to be warm”) and faciō (“to make”). Gamillscheg in his first…

It is inherited from Latin clārus (“bright, clear, loud; famous”). The DHLF relates the Latin word to calō (“to call”) and clāmō (“to shout”), and holds that it first applied to the voice and to…

It continues inherited from Latin chorda (“string of an instrument; rope”), which is from Ancient Greek χορδή (khordḗ, “guts; string of gut”). Bloch and Wartburg note that the Latin word, properly a…

It is inherited from Latin cooperiō (“to cover completely”), a compound of con- and operiō (“to shut, close, cover”). The contracted form coperio is already found in Cato and Lucretius. De Vaan…

1. The word for the heart is inherited from Vulgar Latin *corem, from Latin cor (“heart”). Bloch and Wartburg and Gamillscheg start from a popular Latin declension with the oblique stem *coris in…

It is inherited from Latin dēnārius, first a Roman silver coin worth ten asses and in the late Empire a small copper coin. The Latin noun is an adjective, “containing ten”, used as a noun, from dēnī…

It is inherited from Latin parentem (“parent”), the accusative of parēns (“father or mother”). The Latin noun was used mostly in the plural for "father and mother", and in imperial and late Latin…

It is inherited from Latin poena (“penalty, punishment”). Gamillscheg describes its development as semi-learned. Latin had borrowed the word from Ancient Greek ποινή (poinḗ, “blood-money, penalty”)…

It is inherited from Late Latin pettia (“piece”). Medieval Latin texts record it as petia and pecia, first in Merovingian formularies and often for a piece of land, about 730, and for a small piece…

It is a deverbal noun from Old French regarder (“to look at”). The verb is formed with the prefix re- on garder, which also meant “to look at, watch”, and that verb comes from Frankish *wardōn (“to…