French words first recorded in the 10th century

It is inherited from Old French vile, inherited from Latin vīlla (“farm, country house”), which from the 5th–6th centuries also meant a group of houses around the villa, roughly a village. In…

It is inherited from Latin vīnum (“wine; grape; drink made from other fruits”). The Latin word is related to Ancient Greek οἶνος (oînos) and to Semitic forms in “*wayn-” such as Biblical Hebrew…

It is borrowed from Latin vīsitō (“to see often; to go to see; to inspect”), in Church Latin also “to try, afflict”, the frequentative of vīsō (“to go and see”), from videō (“to see”). An inherited…

It is inherited from Old French veoir, earlier “vedeir”, inherited from Latin videō (“to see”). The Latin verb belongs to the Indo-European root “*weid-”, which expressed seeing as a means of…

It is inherited from Old French voiz, inherited from Latin vōx (“voice, sound; word”) (accusative “vōcem”). The Latin word goes back to Proto-Italic *wōks and Proto-Indo-European *wṓkʷs, a root used…

It is from French a- + complir, a prefixed form (1121) of the old verb complir (“to complete”) (10th century). The old verb continues Vulgar Latin *compliō, from Latin compleō (“to fill up”), with a…

It is borrowed from Latin accūsō (“to call to account, accuse”), from ad- and causa (“cause, lawsuit”) (see cause), a legal word tied to the idea of a trial. Bloch and Wartburg note that the French…

The Old French form angele is borrowed from Late Latin angelus (“messenger; angel”), a word of Christian Latin, from Ancient Greek ἄγγελος (ángelos, “messenger; messenger of God”), which was used to…

It is inherited from Old French anoncier, inherited from Latin adnūntiō (“to announce, report”), from ad- and nūntiō (“to announce”), from nūntius (“messenger; message”) (see nonce). Bloch and…

It is inherited from Vulgar Latin *adretrō, a popular Latin compound of ad (“to”) and retrō (“backwards, behind”). “Retrō” is formed from the prefix re- and the ending of “intrō”; it also gave Old…

It is inherited from Old French asseoir, inherited from Vulgar Latin *assedeō, a remaking after the simple verb sedeō (“to sit”) of Latin assideō (“to sit beside”), from ad (“to”). Latin “assidēre”…

It is inherited from Old French alcun, inherited from Vulgar Latin *alicūnus (“someone”), formed from the stem of Latin aliquis (“someone”) and ūnus (“one”). It continues the Latin phrase “aliquem…

It is inherited from Old French baisier, inherited from Latin bāsiō (“to kiss”), from bāsium (“a kiss”). “Bāsium” was at first an erotic word, used beside ōsculum and avoided by classical writers…

It is inherited from Late Latin branca (“paw (of an animal)”) (4th century), which developed the sense “branch of a tree” only in Gallo-Romance, by likeness of shape (1073). The Latin word is rare…

It is inherited from Old French chier, inherited from Latin cārus (“dear, beloved; costly, precious”). The Latin word has cognates in Celtic, such as Old Irish carae (“friend”), and in Germanic…

It is inherited from Old French conseil, inherited from Latin cōnsilium (“deliberation; deliberative assembly; plan, purpose; advice”), from cōnsulō (“to deliberate, consult”) (see consulter)…

It is inherited from Old French creire, inherited from Latin crēdō (“to entrust; to trust; to believe”). The Latin verb was an old religious term of Indo-European origin, preserved only in…

It is inherited from Old French dire, inherited from Latin dīcō (“to say, speak; to name; to plead”). The Latin verb contains the Indo-European root Proto-Indo-European *deyḱ- (“to show”), seen in…

It is inherited from Old French dunc, inherited from Latin dunc (“then; therefore”), recorded in imperial Latin, whose formation is disputed. The TLFi, the Grand Robert, the Petit Robert and…

It is from French en- + porter, where “en” is the adverb of place from Latin inde (“from there”): to carry away from a place. The verb porter is portō, which belonged to the popular language, where…

It is inherited from Old French enveie, an adaptation of Latin invidia (“ill will, jealousy, envy”). The vowel /ei/ was changed to /i/ after the verb envier. “Invidia” comes from invidus…

It is inherited from Old French enveier, inherited from Late Latin inviō (“to travel over, walk on; to reach”), formed from in- and via (“road, way”) (see voie). Bloch and Wartburg note that the…

It is inherited from Old French els, inherited from Latin illōs, the accusative masculine plural of ille (“that”). It is the stressed form corresponding to ils, and the plural of lui. Bloch and…

It is a learned remodelling (1533) of Old French fidel, fedeil, forms that came from Latin fidēlis (“trustworthy, loyal; firm”). Wiktionary describes it as a borrowing from Latin that replaced the…

It is inherited from Old French home, inherited from Latin hominem (“human being”), the accusative of “homō”. In imperial Latin “homō” came to mean a rational being, as opposed to a beast, and…

It is inherited from Old French juiu, inherited from Latin Iūdaeus (“of the tribe of Judah, Jew”), from Ancient Greek Ἰουδαῖος (Ioudaîos), from Biblical Hebrew יְהוּדִי (yəhûḏî), from יְהוּדָה…

It is inherited from Old French mantel, inherited from Latin mantellum (“covering, cloak”), a variant of mantēlum (already in Plautus in the sense “veil”), related to mantēlium (“napkin, towel”)…

It is inherited from Latin mātūtīnum, the neuter of the adjective mātūtīnus (“of the morning”) used as a noun, short for “mātūtīnum tempus” “morning time”. The adjective is derived from Mātūta, an…

It is inherited from Old French mesler, inherited from Late Latin misculō (attested in the 9th century), an extended form of Latin misceō (“to mix; to stir up”). The root of “miscēre” is…

It is inherited from Old French monter, inherited from Vulgar Latin *montō, from mōns (“mountain”) (accusative “montem”), whence mont. In Gallo-Romance it replaced classical Latin ascendō (“to…

It is inherited from Latin nōminō (“to call by name; to mention; to propose for an office”), from nōmen (“name”), the source of nom. The learned nominer is a later borrowing of the same family…

It is inherited from Latin perveniō (“to arrive at, reach; to attain”), from per (“through”) and veniō (“to come”) (see venir). Compare Old Occitan pervenir, Spanish pervenir and Italian pervenire.

It is inherited from Old French pas, inherited from Latin passus (“step, pace; footprint; a measure of length”). The Latin noun belongs to pandō (“to spread out, open by stretching”) (whence…

It is borrowed from Late Latin passiō (“suffering, enduring; the Passion; affection of the mind”), formed on passum, the supine of patior (“to suffer, endure”) (see pâtir). The Latin noun is found…

Used as an adjective and a noun, it is the past participle from French perdre (“to lose”).

It is inherited from Old French petit, probably from a Late Latin type *pettittus, reconstructed from popular pititus, found in a text of 775 (“in pitito villare” “in a small hamlet”), and Late…

It is inherited from Old French piere, inherited from Latin petra (“rock, crag”), an early borrowing from Ancient Greek πέτρα (pétra, “rock”). The origin of the Greek word is not established, Rey…

It is inherited from Old French plus, inherited from Latin plūs (“more”), the comparative of multus (“much”) (whence moult), corresponding to Ancient Greek πολύς (polús). With adjectives “plūs”…

It is inherited from Old French peisson, a very early derivative with the suffix -on of Old French peis, pois (“fish”), inherited from Latin piscis (“fish”). The simple form survives only in…

It is inherited from Old French raison, inherited from Latin ratiō (“reckoning, account; reason”) (accusative “ratiōnem”). The Latin noun is from “ratum”, the supine of reor (“to reckon, think”)…

It is inherited from Old French rendre, inherited from Vulgar Latin *rendō, an alteration of Latin reddō (“to give back”) under the influence of *prendō “to take”, its opposite. Latin “reddere” is…

It is inherited from Old French respondre, inherited from Vulgar Latin *respondĕre, with a short “e”, an alteration of Latin respondeō (“to answer”). The Latin verb, from re- (“back”) and spondeō…

It is inherited from Old French rien, inherited from Latin rem (“thing”), the accusative of “rēs”, “reī” “thing”. The Latin word first meant “property, possessions”, as in “res publica” (whence…

It is inherited from Old French salut, inherited from Latin salūs (“health; safety; greeting”), from the accusative “salūtem”. The Latin word meant the state of being whole and sound, safety, life…

It is inherited from Old French sens, inherited from Latin sine (“without”), with an adverbial “-s”. Compare Old French senoec “without that”, from “sine hoc”. Bloch and Wartburg add that there was…

It is inherited from Old French sec, inherited from Latin siccus (“dry; sober; cold, unemotional”), which Rey relates to Ancient Greek ἰσχνός (iskhnós, “dry, lean”) and to the root of Sanskrit…

It is inherited from Old French soz, inherited from Latin subtus (“below, underneath”), an adverb in classical Latin and a preposition in imperial and Late Latin. Rare in texts, this derivative of…

It is inherited from Old French suor, inherited from Latin sūdor (“sweat; moisture; toil, hardship”), in its accusative sūdōrem, derived from sūdō (“to sweat”). Wiktionary traces the Latin word to…

It is borrowed from Latin talentum (“a Greek weight; a sum of money”), from Ancient Greek τάλαντον (tálanton, “pan of a scale; weight; sum of money”). The Greek word belongs to an Indo-European root…

It is inherited from Old French terre, inherited from Latin terra (“earth, land, ground”). The Latin word is found only in Italic and Celtic (Old Irish and Welsh “tír” “land”), and Rey derives it…

It is inherited from Old French un, inherited from Latin ūnus (“one”). The Latin numeral early took on the value of an indefinite article, already in Plautus and Cicero. In the sense “alone” “ūnus”…

It is inherited from Latin vendō (“to put up for sale; to praise, cry up”). The Latin verb is a contraction of “venum dare”, from vēnum (“sale”) (whence vénal) and dō (“to give”). Cognate with Old…

1. The preposition is inherited from Latin versus (“turned towards; in the direction of”) (variant “versum”), the past participle of vertō (“to turn”), used in classical Latin as an adverbial…

It continues Latin voluntātem (“will, wish; goodwill; last will”), from volō (“I want”) (see vouloir). The usual Old French form was volenté; the modern form is a remaking after the Latin word. Rey…

It probably continues inherited from Vulgar Latin *adiacēns, the present participle of Latin adiaceō (“to lie near”) used as a noun, “what lies nearby”, from ad- and iaceō (“to lie”). Latin…

It is inherited from Old French atendre, inherited from Latin attendō (“to stretch towards; to pay attention to”), formed with ad- from tendō (“to stretch”). Rey treats it as a borrowing from Latin…

It is inherited from Old French forcier, inherited from Vulgar Latin *fortiō, from Late Latin fortia (“strength”), the source of force, from Latin fortis (“strong”). The TLFi calls the Vulgar Latin…

It is inherited from Old French iver, inherited from Late Latin hībernum (“winter”), short for Latin hībernum tempus (“the winter season”), from the adjective hībernus (“wintry”), derived from hiems…