- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- c. 1100, Chanson de Roland
- Inherited from
- Latin *ploia via Old French
- Ultimate origin
- Latin (pluō)
Pronunciation
Forms
pluie f (plural pluies)[1] Old French pluie, also ploige, pleuge, pluye in the Académie until 1718, pluie from 1740.[2][3]
Etymology
It is inherited from Old French pluie, inherited from Vulgar Latin *ploia, from *plovia, an alteration after *plovō (“to rain”) (see pleuvoir) of Latin pluvia (“rain”), the feminine used as a noun of pluvius (“rainy”), from pluō (“to rain”).[2][3][4][5][6] “*Plovia” explains the forms “ploige”, “pleuge” found in the Middle Ages and still in dialects from Walloon to Franco-Provençal.[2][3] It replaced the older Latin word imber.[3] The Petit Robert relates “pluere” to the Indo-European root Proto-Indo-European *plew- (“to flow, swim”).[7]
Cognate with Romanian ploaie, Italian pioggia, Catalan pluja and Occitan plueja; Spanish lluvia and Portuguese chuva continue “pluvia”.[2][7][8]
Earliest recorded meaning
The Chanson de Roland (about 1100) has it for water falling from the clouds: Pluie n'i chet, rosée n'i adeise.[2][9]
Semantic evolution
Machaut (1342) records the proverb petite pluie abat grand vent.[3] The poets of the Pléiade gave it figurative senses: tears (Ronsard, 1550), the pluie d'or of the Danaë story (1552) and things that seem to fall from the sky in quantity, pluie d'œillets et de lys (1555).[2][3] Later uses include pluie de sang (Richelet, 1688) and pluie de feu for sparks (Furetière, 1690).[2]
Parler de la pluie et du beau temps “to talk about nothing in particular” goes back to Madame de Sévigné, and ennuyeux comme la pluie to Littré's time (1864); ne pas être né de la dernière pluie is 20th-century.[10] French in the tropics has its own uses: saison des pluies, and in sub-Saharan Africa pluie des mangues, a dry-season shower.[3]
Timeline
- c. 1100 – Pluie, Chanson de Roland.[2]
- 1342 – Petite pluie abat grand vent, Machaut.[3]
- 1550 – Tears, Ronsard.[2]
- 1555 – Pluie d'œillets et de lys, Ronsard.[2]
- 1622 – The derivative parapluie.[4]
- 1864 – Ennuyeux comme la pluie.[10]
Meanings
Noun
- rain: la pluie tombe, sous la pluie, pluie fine, pluie battante.[7][1]
- A fall of rain, shower: la saison des pluies, pluies acides.[3][1]
- (figurative) A shower, hail (of things): une pluie de coups, de cadeaux.[1][2]
- Parler de la pluie et du beau temps: to make small talk, faire la pluie et le beau temps, to call the shots.[10][1]
Word family
- parapluie
Related words
- pluvial
- pluvieux
- pluvio-
- pluviosité
- pleuvoir
- Latin pluvia
References
- ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Trésor de la langue française informatisé (2004), ATILF – CNRS & Université de Lorraine, atilf.fr/tlfi; electronic version of Imbs, Paul; Quemada, Bernard, eds. (1971–1994), Trésor de la langue française, Paris: CNRS / Gallimard
- ^ a b c d e f g h i Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
- ^ a b Bloch, Oscar; Wartburg, Walther von (1989), Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue française, 8th ed., Paris: Presses universitaires de France
- ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (2005), Le Grand Robert de la langue française, electronic version, Paris: Le Robert
- ^ Wartburg, Walther von, et al. (1922–2002), Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, 25 vols., Bonn / Leipzig / Basel: Klopp / Teubner / Zbinden, p. 9, 105a
- ^ a b c Rey-Debove, Josette; Rey, Alain, eds. (2007), Le Petit Robert de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
- ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter
- ^ Littré, Émile (1873–1877), Dictionnaire de la langue française, 4 vols. and supplement, Paris: Hachette
- ^ a b c Guilbert, Louis; Lagane, René; Niobey, Georges, eds. (1971–1978; 1989), Grand Larousse de la langue française, Paris: Larousse
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Pluie.” Etymologically, 18 Oct. 2026, etymologically.com/fr/pluie. Accessed 18 Oct. 2026.
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