Etymologically
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geai

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Pronunciation

Forms

geai m (plural geais)[1] Old French gai (about 1170), jai (1175–1176); written geay by the Académie in 1694 and 1718, geai after the Latin.[2][3][1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Old French jai, inherited from Late Latin gaius (“jay”) (5th century),[3][2][4][1][5] probably taken from the personal name Latin Gaius, very common at Rome as a popular nickname: the jay, kept in cages by country people and able to imitate sounds and words, is often called by human names, like pierrot for the sparrow.[3][2][4][6] An onomatopoeic origin of the Latin word is less likely according to the TLFi;[3] the Grand Robert and the Petit Robert leave both open.[7][8]

Cognate with Old Occitan gai and Spanish gayo.[4][9] The same Latin source is behind Venetian “gaza” “magpie”, proposed as the source of gazette.[3][10]

Earliest recorded meaning

Floire et Blancheflor (about 1170) has gai, and Chrétien de Troyes's Cligès (1176) jai, for the bird.[2][3][6]

Semantic evolution

The jay, with its brown plumage barred with blue, white and black on the wings, is known for imitating sounds and the human voice.[3][9] La Fontaine's fable gave le geai paré des plumes du paon, someone who boasts of merits taken from others.[6][8][9] The word is often confused with its homophone jais in phrases about blackness.[2]

Timeline

  • 5th century – Late Latin gaius.[6]
  • c. 1170 – Gai (Floire et Blancheflor).[2][7]
  • 1176 – Jai (Chrétien de Troyes, Cligès).[3][2]
  • 17th century – The spelling geai.[2][7]
  • 1694 – Geay in the Académie.[3]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A jay, a bird of the crow family with bright blue, black and white wing feathers: geai des chênes.[8][1]
  2. Le geai paré des plumes du paon: someone who takes credit for others' merits.[8][6]

References

  1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Trésor de la langue française informatisé (2004), ATILF – CNRS & Université de Lorraine, atilf.fr/tlfi; electronic version of Imbs, Paul; Quemada, Bernard, eds. (1971–1994), Trésor de la langue française, Paris: CNRS / Gallimard
  4. ^ a b c Bloch, Oscar; Wartburg, Walther von (1989), Dictionnaire étymologique de la langue française, 8th ed., Paris: Presses universitaires de France
  5. ^ Wartburg, Walther von, et al. (1922–2002), Französisches Etymologisches Wörterbuch, 25 vols., Bonn / Leipzig / Basel: Klopp / Teubner / Zbinden, p. 4, 21b
  6. ^ a b c d e Guilbert, Louis; Lagane, René; Niobey, Georges, eds. (1971–1978; 1989), Grand Larousse de la langue française, Paris: Larousse
  7. ^ a b c Rey, Alain, ed. (2005), Le Grand Robert de la langue française, electronic version, Paris: Le Robert
  8. ^ a b c d Rey-Debove, Josette; Rey, Alain, eds. (2007), Le Petit Robert de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert
  9. ^ a b c Littré, Émile (1873–1877), Dictionnaire de la langue française, 4 vols. and supplement, Paris: Hachette
  10. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter