cade

cade¹ juniper

Pronunciation

• /kad/^[1]

Forms

cade m (plural cades)^[1]

Etymology

The word for the juniper is borrowed from Occitan cade (“a kind of juniper”), a Provençal word recorded from the 13th century and still much used there.^[2][3][4][5] It goes back to Late Latin catanum, a word of the Latin glosses (a Spanish gloss of the late 7th century).^[2][3][4][6] Its spread over Gallo-Romance territory and the lack of any match in Insular Celtic have led to the guess that it is a pre-Celtic word of the Continent;^[2][3][4] Rey calls this unproven.^[2][3][4] Meyer-Lübke wondered whether the Latin word was Sabine, and lists Spanish cada and Catalan cadec as borrowings from Provençal.^[7]

Earliest recorded meaning

The accounts of King René use huilhe de cade in 1466, as a regional word of Provence for the juniper.^[8] The TLFi's first record is huile de cade in 1518.^[2][9]

Semantic evolution

From the earliest texts the word is used in huile de cade, the tar taken from the shrub, used in veterinary and also human dermatology.^[3][2] In the 16th century Olivier de Serres lists caddes among shrubs, and notes that peasants call the oil tal.^[10]

The brand name Bébé Cadum (1912) comes from cade;^[3] un bébé Cadum, a naked, pink and healthy baby, is now dated.^[3]

Timeline

• 1466 – Huilhe de cade appears in the accounts of King René.^[8]
• 1518 – Huile de cade is recorded.^[2][9]
• 16th century – Olivier de Serres names caddes among shrubs.^[10]
• 1912 – The brand Bébé Cadum is named from it.^[3]

Meanings

Noun

1. A Mediterranean juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus), whose wood is used in marquetry.^[11][12][1]
2. Huile de cade: a strong-smelling oil distilled from its wood, used in dermatology and to treat horses.^{[2][11][13][14]}

cade² cask

Pronunciation

• /kad/^[1]

Forms

cade m (plural cades)^[1]

Etymology

The word for the cask is borrowed from Latin cadus (“cask”) in Littré, Wiktionary and the Wiktionnaire,^{[10][1][15][16]} while the GLLF derives the measure of 1793 from Ancient Greek κάδος (kádos, “cask”).^[17]

Earliest recorded meaning

The Anglo-Norman Dictionary records cade in 1435 for a barrel of herring.^[18] Godefroy quotes it from Du Pinet's translation of Dioscorides for a cask of must.^[9]

Semantic evolution

A decree of the Convention made it, in 1793, a measure of capacity of 1,000 litres in the new metric system, which the law of 30 Nivôse Year II (19 January 1794) modified.^[17][10] In 1832 Raymond records it for a barrel used in salt works.^[17][10] Wiktionary marks the sense “cask” as archaic.^[1]

Timeline

• 1435 – An Anglo-Norman record for a barrel of herring.^[18]
• 1793 – A decree of the Convention makes it a measure of 1,000 litres.^[17][10]
• 1832 – Raymond records it for a barrel in salt works.^[17]

Meanings

Noun

1. (archaic) A cask or barrel.^[1][9]
2. A wooden barrel used in salt works, also called caddor.^[10][17][15]
3. (historical) A measure of capacity of 1,000 litres in the metric system of 1793.^[10][17][15]