presuntuoso

Forms

presuntuoso (feminine presuntuosa, masculine plural presuntuosos, feminine plural presuntuosas)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Late Latin praesumptuōsus (“presumptuous, arrogant”).^[2][1][3][4] The Latin adjective is formed from praesūmptus with the suffix -ōsus (“full of”).^[1] That form is the participle of praesūmō (“to take beforehand; to imagine beforehand”), a compound of sūmō (“to take”), which also gave the Spanish verb sumir.^[5]

Corominas treats it with presumir, presunción and presunto in the article on that verb.^[5] Old Spanish wrote it with ⟨mpt⟩ as well.^[5][6]

Earliest recorded meaning

The Old Spanish Textual Archive has the word first in the Aragonese translation of the Crónica of Lucas of Tuy made in Fernández de Heredia's scriptorium (1385–1396).^[7] Corominas cites it from Juan de Mena, who spells it with ⟨mpt⟩, and the Corbacho, and Segura Munguía dates it 1438.^[5][8] Nebrija renders it with Latin arrogans and insolens.^[9][5]

Semantic evolution

The Diccionario de Autoridades defines it as vain, conceited and over-confident in oneself, and quotes the Comendador's gloss on Mena: No la facía insolente ni presuntuosa … el estado real que posseía “the royal state she had did not make her insolent or presumptuous”.^[10] From 1843 the Academy has “full of presumption and pride”.^[11] In 1884 it added the use as a noun.^[12] The DLE adds a second sense, of one who wants to pass for very elegant or luxurious.^[2] Moliner gives only this sense, and applies it to things as well as people.^[2][3] In the Americas it is recorded from 1571, in Mexico City and Arequipa.^[6]

Timeline

• 1385–1396 – in the Aragonese translation of Lucas of Tuy's chronicle.^[7]
• 1438 – in the Corbacho, Segura Munguía's date.^[8][5]
• 1513 – Nebrija gives arrogans and insolens.^[9]
• 1571 – first records from the Americas, in Mexico City and Arequipa.^[6]
• 1726–1739 – the Diccionario de Autoridades defines it as vain and over-confident.^[10]
• 1884 – the Academy gives the etymology and the use as a noun.^[12]

Meanings

Adjective

1. Full of presumption (presunción) and pride; presumptuous, conceited; also as a noun: Es tan presuntuoso que nunca reconoce un error.^[2][13][1]
2. Trying to pass for very elegant or luxurious; pretentious, of people and of things.^[2][3][1]

Word family

• presuntuosamente
• presuntuosidad

Related words

• presumir
• presunción
• presunto
• sumir

References

1. ^ a b c d e f Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. presuntuoso
3. ^ a b c Moliner, María (2007), Diccionario de uso del español, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. presuntuoso
4. ^ Niermeyer, J. F. (1976), Mediae Latinitatis Lexicon Minus, Leiden: Brill
5. ^ a b c d e f Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 5, 335
6. ^ a b c Boyd-Bowman, Peter (2003), Léxico hispanoamericano 1493–1993, ed. Ray Harris-Northall and John J. Nitti, New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, p. s.v. presumptuoso
7. ^ a b Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies (2026), Old Spanish Textual Archive (OSTA): semi-paleographic transcriptions of Old Spanish texts, ed. Francisco Gago Jover et al., https://www.hispanicseminary.org, p. s.v. presuntuoso
8. ^ a b Segura Munguía, Santiago (2001), Nuevo diccionario etimológico latín-español y de las voces derivadas, Bilbao: Universidad de Deusto, p. 593
9. ^ a b Nebrija, Antonio de (1513), Vocabulario español-latino, Salamanca, ed. Marina Vidal Díez (2007), Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes, p. 400
10. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1726–1739), Diccionario de la lengua castellana (Diccionario de Autoridades), 6 vols., Madrid: Francisco del Hierro, p. 5, 370
11. ^ Real Academia Española (1843), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 9th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de D. Francisco María Fernández, p. 586
12. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1884), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 12th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de D. Gregorio Hernando (the first Academy edition with etymologies), p. 862
13. ^ Battaner Arias, Paz (dir.) (2017), Diccionario general de la lengua española VOX, Barcelona: Larousse Editorial, p. s.v. presuntuoso