lingüístico

Forms

lingüístico (feminine lingüística, masculine plural lingüísticos, feminine plural lingüísticas)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from French linguistique, derived in French from linguiste (“linguist”).^[2][1][3] Corominas lists it among the learned words in the family of lengua, which continues Latin lingua (“tongue; language”).^[4][5]

The French word for a linguist is a learned formation from the Latin noun with the suffix -iste, recorded since 1632; the noun for the science appears in 1809, in a passage of the Mercure de France that presents it as a German coinage and advises French writers against it.^[6][7][8] Spanish writes the word with ⟨gü⟩, so that the /u/ is pronounced.^[1]

Earliest recorded meaning

Corominas takes the first record of lingüístico from Donoso Cortés, who died in 1853, as cited in Pagés's dictionary;^[9] Segura Munguía dates it to the second quarter of the 19th century.^[4][9] The noun lingüística is first in the Academy's dictionary of 1869, in the entry afijo, and in Cuervo in 1874.^[4]

Semantic evolution

The adjective refers both to the science of linguistics and, more widely, to language itself, as in geografía lingüística or diversidad lingüística; the feminine lingüística became the name of the science.^[2][10] The DLE also records lingüística aplicada, the branch concerned with language as a means of social relations and with language teaching, and lingüística comparada, a name for comparative grammar.^[2] Echegaray (1887–1889) already compared Italian linguistico and French linguistique.^[11]

Timeline

• 1809 – French linguistique appears in the Mercure de France.^[8]
• 1825–1853 – the adjective in Donoso Cortés.^[4][9]
• 1869 – lingüística in the Academy's dictionary.^[4]
• 1887–1889 – Echegaray defines lingüístico as “concerning linguistics”.^[11]

Meanings

Adjective

1. Relating to linguistics (lingüística).^[2][10][1]
2. Relating to language: En la región conviven varias comunidades lingüísticas.^[2][12]

Noun

1. (feminine, lingüística) Linguistics, the science of language.^[2]

Related words

• lingüista
• lingüística
• lengua
• lenguaje
• lingual
• French linguistique

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es
3. ^ Wikcionario (Spanish Wiktionary), es.wiktionary.org
4. ^ a b c d e Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 3, 629
5. ^ Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. lengua
6. ^ Rey, Alain, ed. (1992), Dictionnaire historique de la langue française, Paris: Le Robert, p. s.v. linguiste
7. ^ Trésor de la langue française informatisé (2004), ATILF – CNRS & Université de Lorraine, atilf.fr/tlfi; electronic version of Imbs, Paul; Quemada, Bernard, eds. (1971–1994), Trésor de la langue française, Paris: CNRS / Gallimard, p. s.v. linguiste
8. ^ a b Trésor de la langue française informatisé (2004), ATILF – CNRS & Université de Lorraine, atilf.fr/tlfi; electronic version of Imbs, Paul; Quemada, Bernard, eds. (1971–1994), Trésor de la langue française, Paris: CNRS / Gallimard, p. s.v. linguistique
9. ^ a b c Segura Munguía, Santiago (2001), Nuevo diccionario etimológico latín-español y de las voces derivadas, Bilbao: Universidad de Deusto
10. ^ a b Moliner, María (2007), Diccionario de uso del español, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos
11. ^ a b Echegaray, Eduardo de (1887–1889), Diccionario general etimológico de la lengua española, 5 vols., Madrid: José María Faquineto
12. ^ Battaner Arias, Paz (dir.) (2017), Diccionario general de la lengua española VOX, Barcelona: Larousse Editorial, p. s.v. lingüístico