joyo

Forms

joyo m (plural joyos)^[1]

Etymology

It is inherited from Latin lolium (“darnel”).^[2][3][1] Corominas explains the Spanish and Portuguese words from a base *jojum and the other Romance forms from *jolium, both from the classical word by assimilation and dissimilation of the two /l/;^[2][4] the second base is attested in a 9th-century glossary.^[2] The regular outcome of the Latin word is Aragonese luello, like Italian loglio.^[2]

The same word is Portuguese joio, Galician xoio, Catalan jull and Occitan juèlh, and the Tuscan dialect form gioglio.^[2][1][5] Corominas considered whether the Spanish word might be Leonese, as it is heard near Salamanca, but rejected it because the Portuguese and Galician words and its use around Cuenca and La Mancha point to a real variant of that shape.^[2] De Vaan gives no etymology for the Latin word; the OLD compares a Sanskrit verb meaning “to move to and fro”, since the plant causes giddiness.^[6][7]

Earliest recorded meaning

A notarial record of the Canary Islands, dated 13 October 1522, speaks of wheat limpio de joyo “clean of darnel”.^[8] Corominas had dated the word from Andrés Laguna in 1555.^[2][8]

Semantic evolution

Percyvall in 1591 glossed it “cockle” and Latin Lollium, with a joyo sylvestre “wild darnel”.^[9] Autoridades in 1734 described it as a grass of wheat and barley fields with a rough ear like that of oats, quoting Laguna's Dioscorides.^[10] Terreros gave ballico as another name and recalled Ovid's line on darnel that harms the eyes.^[11] In 1899 the Academy began to define it by cizaña, the Gospel word that in modern times has taken over its botanical use.^[12][8] In the Canary Islands joyo is still in frequent use.^[8]

Timeline

• 1522 – a Canarian notarial record has limpio de joyo.^[8]
• 1555 – Andrés Laguna uses the word.^[2]
• 1591 – Percyvall glosses it “cockle”.^[9]
• 1734 – Autoridades describes the plant.^[10]
• 1745 – Martín Sarmiento gives the Galician form and the verb joeirar “to sift”.^[13]
• 1884 – the Academy's dictionary gives the etymology lolium.^[14]

Meanings

Noun

1. darnel (Lolium temulentum), a grass (gramínea) that grows as a weed among cereals: El trigo venía mezclado con joyo.^[3][8][1]

Related words

• cizaña
• ballico
• Latin lolium
• Portuguese joio

Usage notes

In Nicaragua and Puerto Rico joyo is a regional form of hoyo “hole”, also used for the anus;^[15][16][17] García de Diego lists it under the descendants of fovea.^[15][16][17]

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f g h Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 3, 529
3. ^ a b Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. joyo
4. ^ Segura Munguía, Santiago (2001), Nuevo diccionario etimológico latín-español y de las voces derivadas, Bilbao: Universidad de Deusto, p. 431
5. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. 5112
6. ^ de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
7. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
8. ^ a b c d e f Real Academia Española (2021–), Tesoro de los diccionarios históricos de la lengua española (TDHLE): Diccionario histórico (1933–1936), its unpublished slips, Diccionario histórico (1960–1996), DHECan, DHECR, DHEVen, https://www.rae.es/tdhle, p. s.v. joyo
9. ^ a b Percyvall, Richard (1591), Bibliothecae Hispanicae pars altera: containing a dictionarie in Spanish, English and Latine, London: John Jackson for Richard Watkins, p. 155
10. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1726–1739), Diccionario de la lengua castellana (Diccionario de Autoridades), 6 vols., Madrid: Francisco del Hierro, p. 4, 322
11. ^ Terreros y Pando, Esteban de (1786–1793), Diccionario castellano con las voces de ciencias y artes y sus correspondientes de las tres lenguas francesa, latina e italiana, 4 vols., Madrid: Viuda de Ibarra, p. 2, 395
12. ^ Real Academia Española (1899), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 13th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de los Sres. Hernando y Compañía, p. 576
13. ^ Real Academia Española (2013–), Corpus del Diccionario histórico de la lengua española (CDH), version 3.1, https://apps.rae.es/CNDHE, p. s.v. joyo
14. ^ Real Academia Española (1884), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 12th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de D. Gregorio Hernando (the first Academy edition with etymologies), p. 617
15. ^ a b Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2010), Diccionario de americanismos, Lima: Santillana; online at https://www.asale.org/damer, p. s.v. joyo
16. ^ a b Academia Puertorriqueña de la Lengua Española; Universidad de Puerto Rico, Tesoro lexicográfico del español de Puerto Rico, https://tesoro.pr, p. s.v. joyo
17. ^ a b García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. 2896