ingreso

Forms

ingreso m (plural ingresos)^[1] The Diccionario de Autoridades still spells the word ingresso, with the Latin double ⟨ss⟩.^[2]

Etymology

It is a learned word, borrowed from Latin ingressus (“a going in, entry”),^[3][4][5][1] the action noun of ingredior (“to go in, enter”), itself formed on gradior (“to walk, step”).^[3][6] The same Latin noun was taken into Italian ingresso.^[7]

Corominas treats it with the other Spanish words taken from compounds of the Latin verb, such as agredir, progreso, regreso and egreso.^[4] The BDELC dates the derived verb ingresar from 1884, when the Academy called it a recent word.^[3][4]

Earliest recorded meaning

Latin charters of the monastery of Oña use the Latin noun from 1223 in the formula cum ingressu et regressu “with entry and exit” for the rights of access to a property.^[8] The first record in a Spanish text is in Enrique de Villena's Tratado de consolación of 1424, where Saint Anthony hears the words of the Gospel en el de la Iglesia ingreso, “at the entrance of the church”.^[8][9] Corominas dates the word from Juan de Mena's Laberinto de Fortuna of 1444.^[4][3]

Semantic evolution

In the 18th century the word meant an entrance, a duty paid on entering a port or a town gate, and the money that comes into one's charge in a set of accounts.^[2] Terreros also gave it the sense of revenue from taxes and tithes.^[10] The Academy's edition of 1817 has the sense pie de altar, the fees paid to a priest for his services.^[11] By 1869 it was defined first as the action of ingresar, and the 1884 edition gave the etymology from Latin ingressus.^[12][13] Today it is above all the admission of someone to a body, school or hospital, and, in the plural, a person's income.^[5][14][1]

In the Americas the word is recorded from 1671, in Mexico City, for the start of a pope's reign.^[15]

Timeline

• 1223 – a Latin charter of Oña has the formula cum ingressu et regressu.^[8]
• 1424 – Enrique de Villena uses ingreso for the entrance of a church.^[8]
• 1444 – Juan de Mena's Laberinto de Fortuna, the DCECH's first record.^[4][3]
• 1671 – first record in the Americas, in Mexico City.^[15]
• 1734 – Autoridades records ingresso for an entrance, an entry duty and money received.^[2]
• 1817 – the Academy's dictionary has the sense pie de altar.^[11]
• 1884 – the Academy gives the Latin etymology and lists ingresar as a recent verb.^[13][4]

Meanings

Noun

1. The action of entering (ingresar) a place, a body or an institution.^[5]
2. An entrance: the space or opening through which one goes in.^[5][1]
3. admission to a society, a school or an office, or the start of holding a post: Prepara el examen de ingreso en la academia.^[5][14]
4. Money that comes into someone's hands; in the plural, income: Sus ingresos bajaron el último año.^[5][1]
5. A deposit of money, especially into a bank account.^[1][14]
6. (Catholicism) The fees paid to the clergy for their services, the pie de altar.^[5][16]

Word family

• ingresar

Related words

• egreso
• regreso
• progreso
• agredir
• Latin ingressus

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Real Academia Española (1726–1739), Diccionario de la lengua castellana (Diccionario de Autoridades), 6 vols., Madrid: Francisco del Hierro, p. 4, 271
3. ^ a b c d e Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. ingreso
4. ^ a b c d e f Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 1, 73
5. ^ a b c d e f g Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. ingreso
6. ^ Gómez de Silva, Guido (1988), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua española, México: Fondo de Cultura Económica / El Colegio de México, p. s.v. ingreso
7. ^ Segura Munguía, Santiago (2001), Nuevo diccionario etimológico latín-español y de las voces derivadas, Bilbao: Universidad de Deusto, p. 377
8. ^ a b c d Real Academia Española (2013–), Corpus del Diccionario histórico de la lengua española (CDH), version 3.1, https://apps.rae.es/CNDHE, p. s.v. ingreso
9. ^ Lleal, Coloma (dir.), DICCA-XV: Diccionario del castellano del siglo XV en la Corona de Aragón, Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona, Grup d'Estudis d'Història de la Llengua (GHCL), https://ghcl.ub.edu/diccaxv, p. s.v. ingreso
10. ^ Terreros y Pando, Esteban de (1786–1793), Diccionario castellano con las voces de ciencias y artes y sus correspondientes de las tres lenguas francesa, latina e italiana, 4 vols., Madrid: Viuda de Ibarra, p. 2, 348
11. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1817), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 5th ed., Madrid: Imprenta Real, p. 494
12. ^ Real Academia Española (1869), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 11th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de Don Manuel Rivadeneyra, p. 434
13. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1884), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 12th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de D. Gregorio Hernando (the first Academy edition with etymologies), p. 598
14. ^ a b c Moliner, María (2007), Diccionario de uso del español, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. ingreso
15. ^ a b Boyd-Bowman, Peter (2003), Léxico hispanoamericano 1493–1993, ed. Ray Harris-Northall and John J. Nitti, New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, p. s.v. ingreso
16. ^ Wikcionario (Spanish Wiktionary), es.wiktionary.org