industrioso

Forms

industrioso (feminine industriosa, masculine plural industriosos, feminine plural industriosas)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin industriōsus (“very active, diligent”), a post-Augustan adjective that Wiktionary calls Late Latin.^[2][1][3] It is formed on industria (“activity, diligence”), which comes from the adjective industrius (“hard-working, industrious”).^[4][5] Wiktionary explains the noun either as the feminine of the adjective used as a noun or as a parallel formation with the suffix -ia.^[1]

Corominas dates the Spanish adjective to about 1400, earlier than the noun industria, which he first finds in 1440.^[6][4] The same Latin adjective gave Italian industrioso, French industrieux, Catalan industriós and English industrious.^[7][5]

Earliest recorded meaning

The Old Spanish Textual Archive first has the word in the translation of Orosius's History against the Pagans made in the workshop of Juan Fernández de Heredia (1376–1396).^[8][6] In the Americas it is recorded in Bogotá in 1585, of a man: hombre (...) industrioso.^[9]

Semantic evolution

The Diccionario de Autoridades defined it as “skilful, dexterous and handy in some art”, quoting the Quijote (por medios lícitos y industriosos “by lawful and industrious means”), and also as “subtle, ingenious, astute and shrewd”.^[10] From 1817 the Academy defined it as “one who works with industria” and “done with industria”, the noun then meaning skill and diligence.^[11][4] The sense “devoted with zeal to work”, “hard-working”, is the third sense of the modern dictionary;^[2][12] Moliner gives it as “active, diligent, enterprising”.^[2][12] The noun industria only took the sense of manufacturing activity in the late 18th century (Moratín, the Academy in 1843), and industrioso did not follow it: that sense belongs to industrial.^[4][6]

Timeline

• 1376–1396 – first in the Old Spanish Textual Archive, in Heredia's Orosius.^[8]
• c. 1400 – Corominas's date of first record.^[6][5]
• 1440 – first record of the noun industria.^[4]
• 1585 – first record from the Americas, in Bogotá.^[9]
• 1734 – the Diccionario de Autoridades defines it as skilful and handy, and as ingenious and shrewd.^[10]
• 1884 – the Academy's dictionary first gives the etymology, Latin industriosus.^[13]

Meanings

Adjective

1. Acting with industria, skilful and ingenious.^[2][12]
2. Done with skill and care.^[2]
3. industrious, hard-working: Los vecinos, gente industriosa, reconstruyeron el puente en una semana.^[2][12][1]

Related words

• industria
• industrial
• Latin industrius
• English industrious

References

1. ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e f Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. industrioso
3. ^ Lewis, Charlton T.; Short, Charles (1879), A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
4. ^ a b c d e Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 3, 449
5. ^ a b c Segura Munguía, Santiago (2014), Lexicón etimológico y semántico del latín y de las voces actuales que proceden de raíces latinas o griegas, Bilbao: Universidad de Deusto, p. 334
6. ^ a b c d Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. industria
7. ^ Echegaray, Eduardo de (1887–1889), Diccionario general etimológico de la lengua española, 5 vols., Madrid: José María Faquineto, p. 817
8. ^ a b Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies (2026), Old Spanish Textual Archive (OSTA): semi-paleographic transcriptions of Old Spanish texts, ed. Francisco Gago Jover et al., https://www.hispanicseminary.org
9. ^ a b Boyd-Bowman, Peter (2003), Léxico hispanoamericano 1493–1993, ed. Ray Harris-Northall and John J. Nitti, New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, p. s.v. industrioso
10. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1726–1739), Diccionario de la lengua castellana (Diccionario de Autoridades), 6 vols., Madrid: Francisco del Hierro, p. 4, 258
11. ^ Real Academia Española (1817), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 5th ed., Madrid: Imprenta Real, p. 491
12. ^ a b c d Moliner, María (2007), Diccionario de uso del español, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. industrioso
13. ^ Real Academia Española (1884), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 12th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de D. Gregorio Hernando (the first Academy edition with etymologies), p. 594