hornaza

Forms

hornaza f (plural hornazas)^[1][2] Old Spanish had the feminine fornaz (early 13th century, Berceo, the Libro de Alexandre), the masculine plural fornazes in Juan de Mena (1444) and fornace in Alfonso de Palencia; the form with -a is first in Nebrija.^[3][4] Aragonese texts have fornatz (c. 1250), and 15th-century texts fornaça and fornaza.^[5]

Etymology

It continues inherited from Latin fornax (“furnace, kiln”) through Old Spanish fornaz; because the noun was feminine it later took a secondary -a.^[3][4][1][6] The Latin word is related to furnus (“oven”), the source of the Spanish word for oven, but is not derived from it, according to Corominas;^[4][7] Wiktionary derives it from the variant fornus with the adjective suffix -āx.^[4][7] The OLD compares Old Irish gorn (“fire”) and Sanskrit and Russian words for heat and the hearth.^[8] Moliner treats it instead as an augmentative of horno.^[9]

The same Latin word is Italian fornace, Venetian fornaza, Old Occitan fornatz and French fournaise, from fornaise, a feminine beside the older masculine fornais.^[3][10][7] English furnace comes from the same source.^[11]

Earliest recorded meaning

Corominas's first record is fornaz in the Crónica villarense of the early 13th century, followed by Berceo's Milagros and the Libro de Alexandre.^[3] An early text quoted by Corominas names Daniel, Sidrac, Misac and Abdenago, los que miso en la fornaz “whom he put into the furnace”.^[3] In the Aragonese Vidal Mayor (c. 1250) good men are proved assí como el oro se proua en el fornatz “as gold is tested in the furnace”.^[5] The sense is “furnace”, often the fiery furnace of Babylon.^[5][3]

Semantic evolution

In 15th-century texts fornaça is the furnace in which gold is refined, the furnace of Babylon, and in 1471 the furnace of the royal mint.^[5] Nebrija gave Latin fornax and caminus as its equivalents.^[12] In the Americas it is recorded in Lima in 1584 and in Mexico in 1591, for the furnaces in which silver ore was melted.^[2] The Diccionario de Autoridades defines it as the small furnace of silversmiths and metal founders, and also as the potters' mixture of galena and yellow colour used to glaze ordinary ware.^[13] The Academy's dictionary of 1817 labelled the second sense as a painters' term, a light yellow made in the potters' kilns, and the DLE keeps both senses.^[14][1]

Timeline

• early 13th century – fornaz in the Crónica villarense, then in Berceo.^[3][4]
• c. 1250 – fornatz in the Aragonese Vidal Mayor.^[5]
• 1444 – the masculine plural fornazes in Juan de Mena.^[3]
• 1471 – fornaça in an ordinance on the minting of coin.^[5]
• c. 1495 – the modern form in Nebrija, Corominas's first record of it.^[12][3][4]
• 1584 – first record from the Americas, in Lima.^[2]
• 1817 – the Academy's dictionary labels the colour sense as a painters' term.^[14]

Meanings

Noun

1. A small furnace used by silversmiths and metal founders: El orfebre avivó la hornaza para fundir la plata.^[1][9]
2. (painting) A light yellow colour made in potters' kilns for glazing (vidriar).^[1][13]

Related words

• horno
• hornaguera
• Latin furnus

References

1. ^ a b c d e Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. hornaza
2. ^ a b c Boyd-Bowman, Peter (2003), Léxico hispanoamericano 1493–1993, ed. Ray Harris-Northall and John J. Nitti, New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, p. s.v. hornaza
3. ^ a b c d e f g h i Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 3, 396
4. ^ a b c d e f Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. horno
5. ^ a b c d e f Real Academia Española (2013–), Corpus del Diccionario histórico de la lengua española (CDH), version 3.1, https://apps.rae.es/CNDHE, p. s.v. hornaza
6. ^ García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. art. 2886
7. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
8. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. fornax
9. ^ a b Moliner, María (2007), Diccionario de uso del español, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. hornaza
10. ^ Meyer-Lübke, Wilhelm (1935), Romanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, 3rd ed., Heidelberg: Winter, p. s.v. fornax
11. ^ Segura Munguía, Santiago (2001), Nuevo diccionario etimológico latín-español y de las voces derivadas, Bilbao: Universidad de Deusto, p. 303
12. ^ a b Nebrija, Antonio de (1513), Vocabulario español-latino, Salamanca, ed. Marina Vidal Díez (2007), Biblioteca Virtual Miguel de Cervantes, p. 363
13. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1726–1739), Diccionario de la lengua castellana (Diccionario de Autoridades), 6 vols., Madrid: Francisco del Hierro, p. 4, 179
14. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1817), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 5th ed., Madrid: Imprenta Real, p. 477