esquicio

Forms

esquicio m (plural esquicios)^[1]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Italian schizzo (“sketch”), as the DLE, Moliner and García de Diego give it.^[2][3][4][5] Corominas lists it as a derivative of esquiciar “to sketch”, which he takes from schizzare (“to splash; to sketch”), and dates both to 1633, in Vicente Carducho, after Terlingen.^[6] He puts the second ⟨i⟩ of the Spanish words down to the influence of quicio and desquiciar.^[6]

Corominas thinks the Italian verb in the sense “to sketch” is probably the imitative verb meaning “to splash, spurt”, and agrees with Migliorini, who identified the senses, against the REW's derivation of the “sketch” word from Latin schedium (“an improvised poem”), a Latin word from Greek.^[6] Nocentini derives the Italian verb from Vulgar Latin *coactiāre (“to press together”), the source of schiacciare (“to crush”) as well, and says that the noun passed into French esquisse and German Skizze in its transferred sense “sketch”.^[7] The DELI dates the Italian sense “to draw roughly in a few strokes” to before 1574, in Vasari.^[8]

The Academy's dictionaries of 1884 and 1899, and Alemany in 1917, derived the word from Latin schedius (“made on the spur of the moment”), itself from a Greek word for “improvised”, as Echegaray had done.^{[9][10][11][12]} García de Diego still files it under that Latin noun, while naming Italian as its direct source.^[4]

Earliest recorded meaning

The earliest record in the CDH is an anonymous building document of 1545 that orders stone from the Sierra Elvira and Alfacar near Granada to be cut to the height marked en el esquizo o traza “in the sketch or plan”.^[13] The Spanish translation of Francisco de Holanda's book on ancient painting by Manuel Denis (1563) already defines the word: Esquicio, son las primeras líneas o trazas “the first lines or outlines” of a drawing.^[13]

Semantic evolution

Paravicino used it in 1628 in a comparison with the work of a painter.^[13] The Diccionario de Autoridades (1732) defined it as the first outline of a drawing, with Latin adumbratio, and Terreros equated it with esbozo and French esquisse.^[14][15] From 1869 the Academy labelled it rarely used; in 1899 it referred the reader to apunte.^[16][10] The DLE still marks it as uncommon and defines it as a first sketch.^[2] Corominas also records the related mármol esquizado “speckled marble”, from Italian schizzato “splashed”, in the Academy's dictionary of 1843.^[6]

Timeline

• 1545 – an anonymous document from Granada writes esquizo for a builder's sketch.^[13]
• 1563 – Manuel Denis's translation of Francisco de Holanda defines esquicio as the first lines of a drawing.^[13]
• 1633 – Vicente Carducho uses esquicio and esquiciar, Corominas's first records.^[6]
• 1732 – the Diccionario de Autoridades defines it.^[14]
• 1869 – the Academy's dictionary labels it rarely used.^[16]
• 1884 – the Academy derives it from Latin schedius and Greek.^[9]
• 2001 – the Academy's 22nd edition gives Italian schizzo as its source.^[17]

Meanings

Noun

1. (painting, uncommon) A first sketch or rough outline of a drawing; a bosquejo: Trazó un esquicio a lápiz antes de pintar el retablo.^[2][3][1]

Related words

• esquiciar
• bosquejo
• boceto
• Italian schizzo
• French esquisse

References

1. ^ a b c Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. esquicio
3. ^ a b Moliner, María (2007), Diccionario de uso del español, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. esquicio
4. ^ a b García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954)
5. ^ Wikcionario (Spanish Wiktionary), es.wiktionary.org
6. ^ a b c d e Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 2, 756
7. ^ Nocentini, Alberto; Parenti, Alessandro (2010), l'Etimologico: vocabolario della lingua italiana, Firenze: Le Monnier
8. ^ Cortelazzo, Manlio; Zolli, Paolo (1999), Dizionario etimologico della lingua italiana, 2nd ed. by Manlio Cortelazzo and Michele A. Cortelazzo, Bologna: Zanichelli
9. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1884), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 12th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de D. Gregorio Hernando (the first Academy edition with etymologies), p. 463
10. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1899), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 13th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de los Sres. Hernando y Compañía, p. 428
11. ^ Alemany y Bolufer, José (1917), Diccionario de la lengua española, Barcelona: Ramón Sopena, p. 718
12. ^ Echegaray, Eduardo de (1887–1889), Diccionario general etimológico de la lengua española, 5 vols., Madrid: José María Faquineto, p. 247
13. ^ a b c d e Real Academia Española (2013–), Corpus del Diccionario histórico de la lengua española (CDH), version 3.1, https://apps.rae.es/CNDHE, p. s.v. esquicio
14. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1726–1739), Diccionario de la lengua castellana (Diccionario de Autoridades), 6 vols., Madrid: Francisco del Hierro, p. 3, 617
15. ^ Terreros y Pando, Esteban de (1786–1793), Diccionario castellano con las voces de ciencias y artes y sus correspondientes de las tres lenguas francesa, latina e italiana, 4 vols., Madrid: Viuda de Ibarra, p. 2, 105
16. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1869), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 11th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de Don Manuel Rivadeneyra, p. 335
17. ^ Real Academia Española (2001), Diccionario de la lengua española, 22nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, p. s.v. esquicio