Etymology and origin of the Spanish word demás
- Confidence
- Established
- Formation
- Inherited
- First attested
- c. 1140 Cantar de mio Cid More words from the 12th century
- Inherited from
- Latin de magis via Old Spanish
- Ultimate origin
- Latin dē,magis
Pronunciation
- /deˈmas/, [d̪eˈmas][1]
Etymology
It is inherited from Old Spanish demás, inherited from Latin dē magis (“more, besides”), a phrase of dē (“from, of”) and magis (“more”).[1][2][3] Corominas lists it among the compounds of más and points to a single instance of the Latin phrase in Lucilius.[4] Gómez de Silva likewise analyses it as the preposition de plus the adverb.[5] That adverb is itself a contraction of Old Spanish maes, from the same Latin adverb.[4][6]
The same phrase gave Portuguese demais, Galician demais and Asturian demás, and also Catalan demés.[3][7][8][9] The Latin preposition goes back to Proto-Italic *dē and Proto-Indo-European *déh₁; the adverb continues *magis, from *m̥ǵh₂-is, and is related to the comparative maior (“greater”).[1]
Earliest recorded meaning
The first record is in the Cantar de mio Cid (c. 1140, known from a 14th-century copy), where it is an adverb meaning “besides, moreover”: que perderié los averes e más los ojos de la cara, e aun demás los cuerpos e las almas “that he would lose his goods and the eyes in his face, and besides that their bodies and souls”.[10][11] Corominas's first record is the adjectival use lo demaies “the rest” in a 1221 charter of Villavicencio.[4][10]
Semantic evolution
In the prose of Alfonso X the word was both an adjective after the article (los demás “the others”) and an adverb meaning “besides”, and por demás meant “superfluous, needless”.[12] Corominas notes that it still had the sense “besides” in Juan Ruiz.[4] Nebrija glossed por demás with Latin superfluus.[13]
The Academy's 19th-century editions gave the adverb “besides” and the adjective “the other, the rest” side by side, with the phrases estar demás “to be useless, unwanted” and por demás “in vain”.[14][15] The adverb is now marked obsolete, and además has taken its place.[2] In Mexico, Honduras and several South American countries, rural speech uses por demás for “very, too much”.[16]
Timeline
- c. 1140 – the Cantar de mio Cid uses demás as an adverb, “besides”.[10][11]
- 1221 – a charter of Villavicencio has lo demaies “the rest”, Corominas's first record.[4][10]
- 1250–1279 – Alfonso X's Lapidario uses demás for “besides”.[12]
- 1259 – por demás “superfluous” appears in Alfonso X's prose.[12]
- c. 1495 – Nebrija glosses por demás with Latin superfluus.[13]
- 1520 – first record in the Americas, demás de esto “besides this”, in Darién.[17]
- 1899 – the Academy's dictionary derives it from de and más.[15]
Meanings
Adjective
- Used after lo, la, los or las: the other, the remaining; in the plural also without the article: Los demás alumnos se quedaron en clase.[2][18][1]
Pronoun
- The other people or things, the rest; after y at the end of a list it means “and so on”: Vendían fruta, verdura y demás.[2][18]
- los demás: other people, one's neighbours or the community.[18]
Adverb
Related words
- además
- demasiado
- más
- Portuguese demais
Usage notes
Set phrases: por demás “in vain” and “excessively”, and por lo demás “apart from that”.[2][18] Moliner notes that it is not used with a singular noun after el or la.[18] Spanish uses el resto de or restante there instead.[18]
References
- ^ a b c d e Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b c d e f Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. demás
- ^ a b García de Diego, Vicente (1985), Diccionario etimológico español e hispánico, 2nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe (1st ed. 1954), p. 2175
- ^ a b c d e Corominas, Joan; Pascual, José A. (1980–1991), Diccionario crítico etimológico castellano e hispánico, 6 vols., Madrid: Gredos, p. 3, 867
- ^ Gómez de Silva, Guido (1988), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua española, México: Fondo de Cultura Económica / El Colegio de México, p. s.v. demás
- ^ Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. más
- ^ Cunha, Antônio Geraldo da (2010), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., Rio de Janeiro: Lexikon, p. 1106
- ^ Academia de la Llingua Asturiana (2000), Diccionariu de la Llingua Asturiana, Uviéu: ALLA; online at https://mas.academiadelallingua.com/diccionariu, p. s.v. demás
- ^ Alcover, Antoni M.; Moll, Francesc de B. (1930–1962), Diccionari català-valencià-balear, 10 vols., Palma de Mallorca: Moll, p. s.v. demés
- ^ a b c d Real Academia Española (2013–), Corpus del Diccionario histórico de la lengua española (CDH), version 3.1, https://apps.rae.es/CNDHE, p. s.v. demás
- ^ a b Menéndez Pidal, Ramón (1908–1911), Cantar de Mio Cid: texto, gramática y vocabulario, 3 vols., Madrid: Bailly-Baillière, p. s.v. demás
- ^ a b c Kasten, Lloyd A.; Nitti, John J.; Gago Jover, Francisco (2002–), Diccionario de la prosa castellana del Rey Alfonso X, New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies (electronic edition 2024), p. s.v. demás
- ^ a b Lleal, Coloma (dir.), DICCA-XV: Diccionario del castellano del siglo XV en la Corona de Aragón, Barcelona: Universitat de Barcelona, Grup d'Estudis d'Història de la Llengua (GHCL), https://ghcl.ub.edu/diccaxv, p. s.v. demás
- ^ Real Academia Española (1843), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 9th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de D. Francisco María Fernández, p. 232
- ^ a b Real Academia Española (1899), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 13th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de los Sres. Hernando y Compañía, p. 320
- ^ Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2010), Diccionario de americanismos, Lima: Santillana; online at https://www.asale.org/damer, p. s.v. demás
- ^ Boyd-Bowman, Peter (2003), Léxico hispanoamericano 1493–1993, ed. Ray Harris-Northall and John J. Nitti, New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, p. s.v. demás
- ^ a b c d e f Moliner, María (2007), Diccionario de uso del español, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. demás
Related etymologies
Cite this entry
“Demás.” Etymologically, 14 Nov. 2026, etymologically.com/es/dem%C3%A1s. Accessed 14 Nov. 2026.
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