adhesión

Forms

adhesión f (plural adhesiones)^[1] Older texts also write adhessión;^[2] Cuervo recorded the pronunciation adhexión in Bogotá, and Tascón adhecsión in the Cauca.^[2]

Etymology

It is borrowed from Latin adhaesiō (“an adhering, linkage”),^[3][1][4] from adhaereō (“to cling, adhere”), formed from ad- and haereō (“to stick”).^[5][6] Corominas dates it to the middle of the 15th century, among the derivatives of adherir (c. 1490).^[4]

De Vaan reconstructs the Latin verb as Proto-Italic *χais-ē-; the perfect and the past participle show that its /r/ goes back to /s/.^[7] The old comparison with Lithuanian gaišti (“to linger, be slow”) has been rejected, and no convincing cognates are known.^[7][1]

The same Latin noun gave Portuguese adesão, Catalan adhesió, French adhésion and Italian adesione.^[8][9][10] The Portuguese word is recorded from 1690.^[11]

Earliest recorded meaning

The CDH's first hit is Enrique de Villena's translation and glosses of the Aeneid (1427–1428, in a copy of 1442), with the spelling adesión beside aderençia, of believers' attachment to the Saviour.^[12] Alfonso de Cartagena's Oracional (before 1456) speaks of la adhesión de Dios, union with God, and quotes Augustine that to believe is to think with assent and firm adhesion.^[2][12][13]

Semantic evolution

The early sense is spiritual and intellectual: union with or love of God in the mystical writers of the 16th century, and intellectual assent in Juan de Pineda (1589).^[2][12] Feijoo in 1728 and 1734 used it for stubborn attachment to a school of thought and for excessive attachment to money.^[12] The Diccionario de Autoridades (1726) defined it as the act of adhering, or of clinging stubbornly to one's opinion.^[14]

The physical sense, “adherence”, entered the Academy's dictionary in 1884, with the figurative sense of joining a party or opinion.^[15] Physics later took it for the force that holds together molecules of different substances.^[3] In the Americas it is recorded from 1780 in Nueva Vizcaya, of a judge's partiality to one party, and in Lima in 1791 for public support.^[16] Medicine uses it for the sticking of one tissue to another and for an adhesion band.^[13]

Timeline

• 1427–1428 – adesión in Villena's glosses of the Aeneid (copy of 1442).^[12]
• before 1456 – la adhesión de Dios in Cartagena's Oracional.^[2]
• c. 1490 – Corominas's date for the verb adherir.^[4]
• 1589 – the sense “intellectual assent” in Juan de Pineda.^[12]
• 1726 – the Diccionario de Autoridades defines it as clinging to one's opinion.^[14]
• 1780 – the first record from the Americas, in Nueva Vizcaya.^[16]
• 1884 – the Academy adds the physical sense and gives the etymology.^[15]

Meanings

Noun

1. The act or effect of adhering or sticking; adherencia, physical adhesion.^[3][17][1]
2. The act of joining or agreeing with an opinion, party or decision; adherence; in law, joining the appeal brought by the opposing party.^[17][1]
3. A public declaration of support for someone or something: Llegaron mensajes de adhesión de todo el país.^[17][1]
4. (physics) The force of attraction that holds together molecules of different chemical species.^[3]
5. (medicine) A band of tissue joining two surfaces that are normally separate.^[13]

Related words

• adherir
• adhesivo
• adherente
• adherencia
• cohesión
• Latin haereo

Usage notes

A contrato de adhesión is a standard-form contract, a phrase the DLE records under the word.^[3]

References

1. ^ a b c d e f g Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
2. ^ a b c d e Real Academia Española (2021–), Tesoro de los diccionarios históricos de la lengua española (TDHLE): Diccionario histórico (1933–1936), its unpublished slips, Diccionario histórico (1960–1996), DHECan, DHECR, DHEVen, https://www.rae.es/tdhle, p. s.v. adhesión
3. ^ a b c d e Real Academia Española; Asociación de Academias de la Lengua Española (2014–), Diccionario de la lengua española, 23rd ed., online version 23.8, https://dle.rae.es, p. s.v. adhesión
4. ^ a b c Corominas, Joan (1973), Breve diccionario etimológico de la lengua castellana, 3rd ed., Madrid: Gredos, p. s.v. adherir
5. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. adhaesiō
6. ^ Glare, P. G. W., ed. (2012), Oxford Latin Dictionary, 2nd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press, p. s.v. adhaereō
7. ^ a b de Vaan, Michiel (2008), Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages, Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series 7, Leiden; Boston: Brill
8. ^ Machado, José Pedro (1987), Dicionário etimológico da língua portuguesa, 4th ed., 5 vols., Lisboa: Livros Horizonte, p. 99
9. ^ Alcover, Antoni M.; Moll, Francesc de B. (1930–1962), Diccionari català-valencià-balear, 10 vols., Palma de Mallorca: Moll, p. s.v. adhesió
10. ^ Echegaray, Eduardo de (1887–1889), Diccionario general etimológico de la lengua española, 5 vols., Madrid: José María Faquineto, p. 96
11. ^ Houaiss, Antônio; Villar, Mauro de Salles (2001), Dicionário Houaiss da língua portuguesa, Rio de Janeiro: Objetiva, p. s.v. adesão
12. ^ a b c d e f Real Academia Española (2013–), Corpus del Diccionario histórico de la lengua española (CDH), version 3.1, https://apps.rae.es/CNDHE, p. s.v. adhesión
13. ^ a b c Real Academia Nacional de Medicina (2011), Diccionario de términos médicos, Madrid: Editorial Médica Panamericana; online at https://dtme.ranm.es, p. s.v. adhesión
14. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1726–1739), Diccionario de la lengua castellana (Diccionario de Autoridades), 6 vols., Madrid: Francisco del Hierro, p. 1, 84
15. ^ a b Real Academia Española (1884), Diccionario de la lengua castellana, 12th ed., Madrid: Imprenta de D. Gregorio Hernando (the first Academy edition with etymologies), p. 21
16. ^ a b Boyd-Bowman, Peter (2003), Léxico hispanoamericano 1493–1993, ed. Ray Harris-Northall and John J. Nitti, New York: Hispanic Seminary of Medieval Studies, p. s.v. adhecsión
17. ^ a b c Real Academia Española (2001), Diccionario de la lengua española, 22nd ed., Madrid: Espasa-Calpe, p. s.v. adhesión