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tad

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Pronunciation

Etymology

The origin is uncertain, and the sources disagree.[2][3] Etymonline and Barnhart think it is probably a clipping from English tadpole,[4][5][6] and the American Heritage Dictionary, the OED, the Oxford Dictionary of English and Dictionary.com say it is perhaps one;[7][2][3][8] Collins and Chambers give it as a shortening of tadpole without doubt.[9][10] Merriam-Webster takes it instead as probably from the dialect word toad, in Middle English tade, also tadde and tode.[11][12] The Shorter Oxford calls it of unknown origin and compares smidge and tidge,[13] and Green's Dictionary of Slang also calls the earliest slang use of unknown origin, perhaps from tadpole.[14]

Earliest recorded meaning

In American slang of 1845, a person who will not pay a bill; a mean person: first in the Cincinnati Miscellany.[2][14][13]

Semantic evolution

The sense "a young or small child, especially a boy" is recorded from 1877, in the fourth edition of Bartlett's Dictionary of Americanisms;[2][6][11] Dictionary.com dates it to 1875–80, as an Americanism,[8] and the OED notes that it was sometimes used jocularly of old men.[2] Etymonline reports that tadpole is said to be the source of Tad, the nickname of President Lincoln's son Thomas.[4] The meaning "a small amount" is first recorded in dialectal American English in 1915 according to Barnhart,[6][4] but the OED's first quotation is from American Speech in 1940, and the Oxford Dictionary of English dates the current use to the 1940s;[2][3] Dictionary.com gives 1935–40.[8] From this came the adverbial a tad, a little, slightly, now the usual use.[2][13][15] The early slang sense of a mean person was obsolete by the end of the 19th century.[2][13]

Timeline

  • 1845 – American slang, a person who avoids paying a bill (obsolete after 1890).[2][14]
  • 1877 – a young or small child, especially a boy.[2][6][11]
  • 1915 – a small amount, in dialectal American English.[6]
  • 1940 – a small amount, and a tad, a little, slightly.[2]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A small amount or degree; a bit: Add a tad of butter to the sauce.[11][9][2]
  2. a tad: used as an adverb, a little; somewhat, rather: The soup is a tad too salty.[9][11][2][15]
  3. (chiefly US and Canadian) A small child, especially a boy; a lad.[9][11][2]
  4. (obsolete, 1845–1890) A mean person, especially one who avoids paying what is owed.[2][13][14]
  • tadpole
  • toad

Usage notes

Collins and the Oxford dictionaries label the word informal, chiefly North American.[9][13][15] A separate American slang Tad, an Irishman or Irish Catholic, recorded from 1904, comes from the Irish name Thaddeus.[14] In Somerset and Devon dialect a tad was a quantity or a load, as of hay.[16]

References

  1. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o Oxford English Dictionary Online (accessed March 2026), Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c Stevenson, Angus, ed. (2010), Oxford Dictionary of English, 3rd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  4. ^ a b c Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
  5. ^ Barnhart, Robert K., ed. (1995), The Barnhart Concise Dictionary of Etymology, New York: HarperCollins
  6. ^ a b c d e Barnhart, Robert K. (1988), The Barnhart Dictionary of Etymology
  7. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (online 2024), 5th ed., Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
  8. ^ a b c Dictionary.com Unabridged (2016), based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, New York: Random House
  9. ^ a b c d e Collins English Dictionary (2023), Glasgow: HarperCollins
  10. ^ The Chambers Dictionary (2014), 13th ed., Edinburgh: Chambers
  11. ^ a b c d e f Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary (2024), online ed., Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster
  12. ^ Gove, Philip Babcock, ed. (1961), Webster's Third New International Dictionary of the English Language, Unabridged, Springfield, Mass.: G. & C. Merriam
  13. ^ a b c d e f Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles (2002), 5th ed., ed. William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, Oxford: Oxford University Press
  14. ^ a b c d e Green, Jonathon (2010), Green's Dictionary of Slang, London: Chambers; digital ed. 2016–, https://greensdictofslang.com
  15. ^ a b c Pearsall, Judy, ed. (1998), The New Oxford Dictionary of English, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  16. ^ Wright, Joseph, ed. (1898–1905), The English Dialect Dictionary, 6 vols., Oxford: Henry Frowde; via EDD Online 4.0, University of Innsbruck (CC BY 4.0)