Etymologically
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liner

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English has two nouns liner with separate sources: one formed on the noun and verb line, for a ship of a regular line and for someone who draws lines, and one formed on the verb line, to cover the inside, for something that lines.[1][2][3][4]

Pronunciation

liner1 ship; one who draws lines

Etymology

It was formed from English line + -er.[1][3][6][7] Merriam-Webster takes its oldest sense partly from the Scots verb linen (“to measure or mark with a line”).[4] The ship sense rests on the idea of a line as a regular succession of vessels sailing between fixed ports.[2][6]

Earliest recorded meaning

An official who traced the boundaries of properties in Scottish burghs: 1461, in the records of Peebles.[1][3]

Semantic evolution

The word was used for people who worked with lines: a painter of lines on carriage wheels (1819), and a writer paid by the line for newspaper items (1861), now chiefly in penny-a-liner.[1][3] In naval use a liner was a ship of the line, a warship, from 1829.[1][2] From 1838 it meant a vessel belonging to a shipping line,[1][2] as distinguished from ships calling at ports only now and then;[2] a line of stagecoaches is recorded by 1786.[2] The word passed to aircraft of a regular service in 1909, in Kipling,[1] and in Britain to the lorries of a freight company in 1955.[1] As a cosmetic for drawing lines around the eyes or on the face it is recorded from 1904 in Etymonline, at first in theatrical make-up;[2] the OED's first example is from 1926.[1] In baseball a liner has been a ball hit hard and nearly level with the ground since 1874.[2]

Timeline

  • 1461 – (Scottish) an official who marked boundaries.[1]
  • 1819 – a painter of lines on carriages.[1]
  • 1829 – a ship of the line.[1][2]
  • 1838 – a ship of a regular line.[1][2]
  • 1861 – a writer paid by the line.[1]
  • 1874 – (baseball) a line drive.[2]
  • 1904 – a cosmetic for drawing lines.[2]
  • 1909 – an aircraft of a regular service.[1]

Modern meaning

Noun

  1. A large passenger ship, especially one sailing a regular route or used for cruises: They crossed the Atlantic on an ocean liner.
  2. An aircraft of a regular airline service; an airliner.
  3. A cosmetic used to outline the eyes or lips; eyeliner.
  4. (baseball) A ball hit hard so that it travels nearly parallel to the ground; a line drive.
  5. A person or thing that draws lines.

Word family

  • eyeliner
  • airliner
  • one-liner
  • penny-a-liner

liner2 lining

Etymology

It was formed from English line + -er, from the verb line, to cover the inner side of something.[1][3][2][4] That verb comes from Old English līn (“flax, linen cloth”), the source of linen, because linen was often used as the inner layer of medieval garments.[2][6][3]

Earliest recorded meaning

A person who lines something or fits a lining: 1611, in John Florio's Italian dictionary,[1][3] the 1610s in Etymonline.[2]

Semantic evolution

From the 19th century the word was used for the thing that lines rather than the person:[2][3] an inner cylinder or vessel (1886) and a thin metal slip set between parts, a shim (1869).[1] In the 20th century it named the paper or board that faces corrugated cardboard (1921), an impermeable bag inside a container (1921), a removable lining of a garment (1947) and any removable protective lining, such as a bin liner (1959).[1] The liner notes printed on a record sleeve are recorded from 1953.[2][1]

Timeline

  • 1611 – a person who fits linings.[1]
  • 1869 – a thing that serves as a lining.[2][1]
  • 1921 – an inner container; a facing for cardboard.[1]
  • 1947 – the lining of a garment.[1]
  • 1953 – liner notes.[2][1]
  • 1959 – a removable protective lining.[1]

Modern meaning

Noun

  1. Something used to line the inside of something else, especially a removable layer: Put a fresh liner in the kitchen bin.
  2. A replaceable tube or bushing fitted inside a machine part, such as an engine cylinder.
  3. The text printed on the sleeve or insert of a record or CD, the liner notes.
  4. A person who fits linings.

Word family

  • bin liner
  • liner notes

References

  1. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z Oxford English Dictionary Online (accessed March 2026), Oxford: Oxford University Press
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles (2002), 5th ed., ed. William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, Oxford: Oxford University Press
  4. ^ a b c Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary (2024), online ed., Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster
  5. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  6. ^ a b c Hoad, T. F., ed. (1986), The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  7. ^ Klein, Ernest. A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. 2 vols. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1966–1967.