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husky

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Pronunciation

husky1 hoarse; burly

Etymology

The adjective is formed from English husk + -y,[2][3][4][5][6] first in the literal sense "full of husks".[2][7] Its sense "hoarse" comes from the notion "dry as a husk",[7][3] or, according to Merriam-Webster's Collegiate, from huskiness and an obsolete verb meaning to have a dry cough;[8] the American sense "tough and strong" is probably from the toughness of a corn husk.[4][3][7] The base noun is of uncertain origin, perhaps from Middle Dutch hūskijn (“little house, core of a fruit”), a diminutive of hūs (“house”).[2][7][9][10]

Earliest recorded meaning

Full of husks, or covered with a husk: 1552, in Richard Huloet's Abcedarium Anglico Latinum.[2][4][3]

Semantic evolution

From "having husks" the word came to mean "dry as a husk", arid or crumbly, by the 1590s;[2][3] from 1700 it also described a dry cough or breathing.[2] Etymonline finds "hoarse" about 1722 in reference to a disease of cattle, and of persons from 1740;[7] the OED's first record of a husky voice is in Dyche's dictionary (1735).[2] Johnson (1755) knew only "abounding in husks".[11] In Lincolnshire dialect it meant hard, dry and coarse, of grass or wool.[12] The sense "big, burly, strong" is American, recorded from 1869,[7][3][4] and in the OED from 1872, in George Eliot's Middlemarch;[2] the noun, a big strong person, appears already in 1864, in Nevada, apparently from the adjective.[2][4] Since 1895 husky has also been a clothing size for boys larger than average.[2]

Timeline

  • 1552 – full of husks; of the nature of a husk.[2][4]
  • c. 1592 – dry as a husk, arid.[2]
  • 1700 – of a cough or breathing.[2]
  • c. 1722 – hoarse.[4][7]
  • 1735 – of a person's voice, rough or hoarse.[2]
  • 1864 – noun, a big, strongly built person.[2][4]
  • 1869 – big and strong, burly (American).[7][3][4]
  • 1895 – a clothing size for larger boys.[2]

Meanings

Adjective

  1. Of a voice: deep and rough, as if hoarse, often in an attractive way: He spoke in a husky whisper.[13][4][2]
  2. Big and strong; burly: a husky dockworker.[4][13][2]
  3. Full of, covered with or like husks.[4][2]
  4. Of clothing: in a size for boys who are larger than average.[2]

Noun

  1. A big, strongly built person.[4][2]

Word family

  • huskily
  • huskiness

husky2 sled dog

Etymology

The dog is named by a shortening of Huskemaw, Ehuskemay and similar variants of Eskimo,[2][3][7][10][8] which Merriam-Webster's Collegiate takes from Cree aškime·w;[8] the Shorter Oxford calls a Cree origin possible,[14] and the Oxford Dictionary of English points to Montagnais.[15] Barnhart finds one such variant in 1743.[3] Klein thought it a corruption of Esky, a slang shortening of the same word,[5] and Weekley reported a suggestion that it was the Scottish personal name Husky.[16]

Earliest recorded meaning

An Inuit person: 1830, Hosky, in Canadian English.[2][3][7]

Semantic evolution

The word first named the people, and for a time their language;[2][14][15] the dog was at first a husky dog, and the noun husky for the dog is a shortening of that phrase.[6][3] Barnhart and Etymonline find huski for the dog in 1852 and huskie in 1872;[3][7] the OED's first records are 1871 for the noun and 1872 for husky dog.[2] It replaced the 18th-century name Eskimo dog.[15] Used of the people, the word is now rare and often regarded as offensive;[2][14][4] Green's Dictionary of Slang records it as a derogatory American term from 1894.[17]

Timeline

  • 1743 – Ehuskemay, an Inuit person.[3]
  • 1830 – Hosky, an Inuit person.[2][3][7]
  • 1852 – huski, the dog.[3][7][8]
  • 1853 – adjective, Inuit.[2]
  • 1864 – the language of the Inuit (now obsolete).[2]
  • 1872 – husky dog, of the breed;[2] the spelling huskie.[3]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A strong dog with a thick double coat, a bushy tail and erect ears, bred in the Arctic to pull sleds.[13][4][2]
  2. (dated, offensive) An Inuit person, especially of Labrador, or the language of such people.[4][2][14]

Word family

  • Siberian husky
  • Eskimo
  • husk

References

  1. ^ Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z 27 28 29 30 31 32 Oxford English Dictionary Online (accessed March 2026), Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Barnhart, Robert K. (1988), The Barnhart Dictionary of Etymology
  4. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary (2024), online ed., Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster
  5. ^ a b Klein, Ernest. A Comprehensive Etymological Dictionary of the English Language. 2 vols. Amsterdam: Elsevier, 1966–1967.
  6. ^ a b Dictionary.com Unabridged (2016), based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, New York: Random House
  7. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
  8. ^ a b c d Merriam-Webster's Collegiate Dictionary (2003), 11th ed., Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster
  9. ^ The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (online 2024), 5th ed., Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
  10. ^ a b Hoad, T. F., ed. (1986), The Concise Oxford Dictionary of English Etymology, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  11. ^ Johnson, Samuel (1755), A Dictionary of the English Language, London; 4th ed. 1773; Johnson's Dictionary Online, ed. Beth Rapp Young et al.
  12. ^ Wright, Joseph, ed. (1898–1905), The English Dialect Dictionary, 6 vols., Oxford: Henry Frowde; via EDD Online 4.0, University of Innsbruck (CC BY 4.0)
  13. ^ a b c Collins English Dictionary (2023), Glasgow: HarperCollins
  14. ^ a b c d Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles (2002), 5th ed., ed. William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, Oxford: Oxford University Press
  15. ^ a b c Stevenson, Angus, ed. (2010), Oxford Dictionary of English, 3rd ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  16. ^ Weekley, Ernest (1921), An Etymological Dictionary of Modern English, London: John Murray
  17. ^ Green, Jonathon (2010), Green's Dictionary of Slang, London: Chambers; digital ed. 2016–, https://greensdictofslang.com