finder
Pronunciation
Etymology
It is inherited from Middle English findere,[2][3][4] formed from English find + -er.[5][6][7][8] The OED compares an agent noun Old English findend, formed with a different suffix.[5] Find is from Old English findan (“to come upon, discover”).[6]
Earliest recorded meaning
An inventor or deviser: about 1384, in the early version of the Wycliffite Bible.[5] Chaucer used fynder three times for an originator,[4] and the Promptorium Parvulorum glosses it "inventor".[2] Etymonline dates the word to about 1300.[6]
Semantic evolution
The sense "inventor" died out by 1660;[5] the ordinary sense, one who comes upon something by chance or search, is recorded from 1405.[5] In hunting a finder was a dog trained to find and fetch shot game, from about 1410;[5] in East Anglian dialect the word still meant a water spaniel or retriever.[9] The OED explains that a legal use, a kind of customs searcher, arose from 17th-century scholars misreading Anglo-Norman tronour, a weighing official, as trovour, finder.[5] Johnson (1755) gave "one that meets or falls upon any thing" and "one that picks up any thing lost".[10] From the 18th century it named instruments for finding: a small telescope fixed to a larger one (1738), a device on a microscope (1829) and the viewfinder of a camera (1862).[5] The proverb finders keepers is recorded from 1831.[5] In slang a finder was a thief or a scavenger in a meat market (1860s), and in American underworld slang the member of a gang who blew the safe (1926).[11]
Timeline
- c. 1384 – an inventor, deviser (obsolete by 1660).[5]
- 1405 – a person who comes upon or discovers something.[5]
- c. 1410 – a dog that finds and fetches game.[5]
- 1588 – an index (obsolete).[5]
- 1738 – a small telescope used to locate objects for a larger one.[5]
- 1831 – finders keepers.[5]
- 1860 – slang, a thief.[11]
- 1862 – the viewfinder of a camera.[5]
Meanings
Noun
- A person or thing that finds: The finder of the wallet handed it in at the station.[12][7]
- A small, low-power telescope with a wide field, attached to a larger one to help locate objects.[12][7][5]
- A viewfinder.[12][5]
- A dog used to find game.[5][9]
- finders keepers: whoever finds something has the right to keep it.[12][5]
Word family
- faultfinder
- pathfinder
- viewfinder
- waterfinder
- radio direction finder
- range finder
Related words
- find
- finding
References
- ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
- ^ a b Stratmann, Francis Henry (1891), A Middle-English Dictionary, revised by Henry Bradley, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- ^ Dictionary.com Unabridged (2016), based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, New York: Random House
- ^ a b Benson, Larry D., Glossarial Concordance to Middle English (Chaucer, Gower), Johns Hopkins University, github.com/jhu-digital-manuscripts/gcme
- ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t Oxford English Dictionary Online (accessed March 2026), Oxford: Oxford University Press
- ^ a b c Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
- ^ a b c Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary (2024), online ed., Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster
- ^ Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles (2002), 5th ed., ed. William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, Oxford: Oxford University Press
- ^ a b Wright, Joseph, ed. (1898–1905), The English Dialect Dictionary, 6 vols., Oxford: Henry Frowde; via EDD Online 4.0, University of Innsbruck (CC BY 4.0)
- ^ Johnson, Samuel (1755), A Dictionary of the English Language, London; 4th ed. 1773; Johnson's Dictionary Online, ed. Beth Rapp Young et al.
- ^ a b Green, Jonathon (2010), Green's Dictionary of Slang, London: Chambers; digital ed. 2016–, https://greensdictofslang.com
- ^ a b c d Collins English Dictionary (2023), Glasgow: HarperCollins