Etymologically
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chopper

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Pronunciation

  • UK: /ˈtʃɒp.ə/[1]
  • US: /ˈt͡ʃɑ.pɚ/[1]

Etymology

It is formed from English chop + -er,[2][3][4][5][6] an agent noun from the verb meaning to cut with a quick blow.[3][2] That verb is of uncertain origin;[3] Etymonline suggests an Old North French form of Old French coper (“to cut, cut off”), now couper.[3]

Earliest recorded meaning

A person who chops or cuts into pieces: 1552, in Huloet's Abcedarium Anglico Latinum.[2][5] Etymonline dates it to the 1550s.[3]

Semantic evolution

The agent sense, a person who chops, spread in the United States to a lumberman who fells and lops trees (1827, in Cooper's The Prairie).[2][4] As a tool, a short axe with a large blade or a butcher's cleaver, it is first recorded in 1818, in Todd's edition of Johnson's dictionary.[2][3] In 18th-century boxing slang a chopper was a blow to the face with the back of the hand.[7] The 20th century added a run of new senses: a device that interrupts an electric current or a beam of light at regular intervals (1929), a machine-gun or machine-gunner in American slang (1929), and, as choppers, the teeth or a set of false teeth (1937).[2][4] The sense "helicopter" is recorded from 1951 and, according to Etymonline, began as American military slang of the Korean War, comparable to egg-beater.[2][3] In 1965 it was first used of a motorcycle stripped of inessential parts, with raised handlebars and an extended front fork, a type at first favoured by the Hells Angels;[2][3] from 1971 Chopper was the trade name of a child's bicycle modelled on it.[2] The verb "to travel by helicopter" followed in the 1960s.[5][7] In British slang the word also means the penis (1965).[2][8] In Devon dialect a chopper was a knife for chopping potatoes in the pan, and in Surrey, Sussex and Hampshire a dried pig's face.[9]

Timeline

  • 1552 – a person who chops or cuts into pieces.[2][5]
  • 1793 – in boxing slang, a blow to the face with the back of the hand.[7]
  • 1818 – a short axe with a large blade; a butcher's cleaver.[2][3]
  • 1827 – in the United States, a lumberman who fells trees.[2]
  • 1929 – a device that regularly interrupts a current or beam; in US slang, a machine-gun.[2]
  • 1937 – in the plural, the teeth; false teeth.[2]
  • 1951 – a helicopter.[2][3]
  • 1963 – verb, to travel by helicopter.[5] Green's Dictionary of Slang first records it in 1971.[7]
  • 1965 – a stripped-down motorcycle with raised handlebars; in British slang, the penis.[2][3]
  • 1971 – Chopper, a child's bicycle modelled on the motorcycle.[2]

Meanings

Noun

  1. A person or thing that chops, such as a short axe with a large blade, a cleaver or a machine for chopping: a vegetable chopper.[10][8][5][2]
  2. A helicopter: A chopper flew the injured climber to hospital.[10][8][2]
  3. A motorcycle with high handlebars and an extended front fork.[10][8][2]
  4. A device that interrupts an electric current or a beam of radiation at regular intervals.[10][8][2]
  5. choppers (informal): the teeth, especially false teeth.[10][8][2]
  6. (archaeology) A crudely flaked core tool, especially of the early Paleolithic.[10]
  7. (US slang) A machine gun or machine-gunner.[2][4]
  8. (British vulgar slang) The penis.[8][2]

Verb

  1. (informal) To travel by helicopter, or to carry someone or something by helicopter.[5][7]

Word family

  • woodchopper

Usage notes

The OED and the Shorter Oxford keep apart a noun from chop "to barter": a person who barters, especially a trafficker in church benefices (1581–1656), and one who chops logic (1699);[2][4] the Middle English Dictionary already has choppers of churches in a text of about 1500.[11] In the Indian subcontinent chopper is also an unrelated word, borrowed from Hindi, for a thatched roof (1780 in the OED).[2][4][5]

References

  1. ^ a b Wiktionary, the free dictionary, https://en.wiktionary.org
  2. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z 27 Oxford English Dictionary Online (accessed March 2026), Oxford: Oxford University Press
  3. ^ a b c d e f g h i j k Harper, Douglas. Online Etymology Dictionary, https://www.etymonline.com
  4. ^ a b c d e f Shorter Oxford English Dictionary on Historical Principles (2002), 5th ed., ed. William R. Trumble and Angus Stevenson, Oxford: Oxford University Press
  5. ^ a b c d e f g h Merriam-Webster Unabridged Dictionary (2024), online ed., Springfield, Mass.: Merriam-Webster
  6. ^ Dictionary.com Unabridged (2016), based on the Random House Unabridged Dictionary, New York: Random House
  7. ^ a b c d e Green, Jonathon (2010), Green's Dictionary of Slang, London: Chambers; digital ed. 2016–, https://greensdictofslang.com
  8. ^ a b c d e f g Soanes, Catherine; Stevenson, Angus, eds. (2004), Concise Oxford English Dictionary, 11th ed., Oxford: Oxford University Press
  9. ^ Wright, Joseph, ed. (1898–1905), The English Dialect Dictionary, 6 vols., Oxford: Henry Frowde; via EDD Online 4.0, University of Innsbruck (CC BY 4.0)
  10. ^ a b c d e f The American Heritage Dictionary of the English Language (online 2024), 5th ed., Boston: Houghton Mifflin Harcourt
  11. ^ Kurath, Hans; Kuhn, Sherman M.; Lewis, Robert E., eds. (1952–2001), Middle English Dictionary, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press; online edition ed. Frances McSparran et al. (2000–2018)